MN580 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 85
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+
The acceptance of team based healthcare has been slow for several reasons: -
ANSWER: -In training, clinicians are given the idea that they are individually
responsible for what happens
-Each member of the healthcare system is educated in isolation
-Interprofessional training is uncommon
Work team - ANSWER: A work group with specific characteristics that make it a team
Defining Characteristics of a Work Team - ANSWER: -Shared team goal
-Shared responsibility for achieving said goal
-Defined membership
-Authority for taking action to achieve the goal
-Interdependency of team members
-Absence of larger sub-groups
-Accountability to a larger organization
benefits of teams - ANSWER: -perform tasks faster than individuals working alone
-enable individuals and organizations to learn
-enable organizations to retain lessons learned despite turnover of individuals
-enable innovation
Risk of teams - ANSWER: -social loafing
-degrading of decision-making
-diminished creativity if the team is not managed well
Findings of addition of clinical pharmacist to heart failure management team vs usual
care - ANSWER: -beneficial effects on patient outcome, some aspects of care delivery
and reduction of events
Findings of clinical microbiologist added to MD team - ANSWER: -MD antimicrobial
therapy team effective in improving LoS and reducing costs
Findings of hospital-based palliative care vs standard - ANSWER: -improvement in
patient outcomes, but statistical methods not adequate to determine effectiveness
Findings of addition of hospitalist to orthopedic team - ANSWER: -fewer minor
complications (not severe ones)
-more patients discharged w/o complications, shorter LoS
-Preferred by team, but higher costs
,Findings of care with CNS vs regular care - ANSWER: -CNS did not have beneficial
effect on patient outcomes/resource utilization
-increases perceived quality of care
Findings of MTC vs usual care - ANSWER: -slight positive effects
-LoS reduced, but not effects on readmission and death
-patients more positive and received more info
True Team - ANSWER: -refers to teams that have all of the 7 defining characteristics
in the previous slide PLUS stability of membership over time
-They also have clear leaders
-They provide clinical care over extended periods of time or for repeated, time
limited episodes
Template Team - ANSWER: -Have the 7 characteristics and a clear leader.
-They DO NOT have stable membership
-Typically provide time limited episodes of healthcare
-Changing membership defines them
-Every time team provides care, roles/procedures remain the same
Knotworks - ANSWER: -Teams that come together temporarily in order to care for a
patient; these teams have no clear leader or stable membership
-Provide care for a specific need
Network teams - ANSWER: -driven largely by the interests of the parties and their
recognition of the value of working together"
-Provide information to other physicians to aid patient care
-Have no characteristics of work teams (the 7 characteristics)
-They show cooperation and shared interests
-No defined leaders, membership, or responsibility
-Meet together to further individual goals, which will ultimately help patient care
Smallpox virus characteristics - ANSWER: -Poxvirus
- Largest type of virus, almost visible with light microscopy Includes variola
(smallpox), molluscum contagiosum, cowpox, monkey pox
-Smallpox is ONLY found in humans
Smallpox infection - ANSWER: -Once inhaled, it reproduces in the respiratory tract
-Disseminates through blood (viremia) and lymphatic system
-After this initial infection, a more intense viremia occurs
-Spread to internal organs and skin, causing the characteristic "pocks" to erupt
Strategies used for smallpox eradication - ANSWER: -Direct vaccination of vulnerable
populations utilizing national healthcare networks
-Actively seeking out cases and containing outbreaks
-Quarantine
-Increased efficiency of delivery (development of bifurcated needle)
, -Use of jeeps and specialized vehicles to reach off road areas
Eradication - ANSWER: permanently reducing the number of worldwide new
infections to zero, with interventions no longer needed
Factors of eradication - ANSWER: -Human beings were the only known reservoir for
the virus
-No asymptomatic carrier state existed
-An effective vaccine was available
-Vaccination of contacts resulted in prevention or modification of disease
Antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) - ANSWER: help clinicians improve clinical
outcomes and minimize harms by improving antibiotic prescribing
Hospital ASPs can increase infection cure rates while reducing - ANSWER: -Treatment
failures
-C. difficile infections
-Adverse effects
-Antibiotic resistance
-Hospital costs and lengths of stay
Core elements of hospital ASPs - ANSWER: -Hospital leadership commitment
-accountability
-pharmacy expertise
-action
-tracking
-reporting
-education
Ideal antibiotic stewardship team - ANSWER: -Clinical pharmacist with infectious
disease training
-Clinical microbiologist
-Information system specialist
-Infection control professional
-Hospital epidemiologist
Pharmacy-Values - ANSWER: -Value excellence in the choice and dosing of drugs
used for treating and achieving cure of the patient's disease
Prospective pharmacists should have several relevant qualities: - ANSWER: -
analytical skills
-communication skills
-orientation to detail
-managerial skills
Physicians-Values - ANSWER: -cost of service is secondary issue
-independent
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+
The acceptance of team based healthcare has been slow for several reasons: -
ANSWER: -In training, clinicians are given the idea that they are individually
responsible for what happens
-Each member of the healthcare system is educated in isolation
-Interprofessional training is uncommon
Work team - ANSWER: A work group with specific characteristics that make it a team
Defining Characteristics of a Work Team - ANSWER: -Shared team goal
-Shared responsibility for achieving said goal
-Defined membership
-Authority for taking action to achieve the goal
-Interdependency of team members
-Absence of larger sub-groups
-Accountability to a larger organization
benefits of teams - ANSWER: -perform tasks faster than individuals working alone
-enable individuals and organizations to learn
-enable organizations to retain lessons learned despite turnover of individuals
-enable innovation
Risk of teams - ANSWER: -social loafing
-degrading of decision-making
-diminished creativity if the team is not managed well
Findings of addition of clinical pharmacist to heart failure management team vs usual
care - ANSWER: -beneficial effects on patient outcome, some aspects of care delivery
and reduction of events
Findings of clinical microbiologist added to MD team - ANSWER: -MD antimicrobial
therapy team effective in improving LoS and reducing costs
Findings of hospital-based palliative care vs standard - ANSWER: -improvement in
patient outcomes, but statistical methods not adequate to determine effectiveness
Findings of addition of hospitalist to orthopedic team - ANSWER: -fewer minor
complications (not severe ones)
-more patients discharged w/o complications, shorter LoS
-Preferred by team, but higher costs
,Findings of care with CNS vs regular care - ANSWER: -CNS did not have beneficial
effect on patient outcomes/resource utilization
-increases perceived quality of care
Findings of MTC vs usual care - ANSWER: -slight positive effects
-LoS reduced, but not effects on readmission and death
-patients more positive and received more info
True Team - ANSWER: -refers to teams that have all of the 7 defining characteristics
in the previous slide PLUS stability of membership over time
-They also have clear leaders
-They provide clinical care over extended periods of time or for repeated, time
limited episodes
Template Team - ANSWER: -Have the 7 characteristics and a clear leader.
-They DO NOT have stable membership
-Typically provide time limited episodes of healthcare
-Changing membership defines them
-Every time team provides care, roles/procedures remain the same
Knotworks - ANSWER: -Teams that come together temporarily in order to care for a
patient; these teams have no clear leader or stable membership
-Provide care for a specific need
Network teams - ANSWER: -driven largely by the interests of the parties and their
recognition of the value of working together"
-Provide information to other physicians to aid patient care
-Have no characteristics of work teams (the 7 characteristics)
-They show cooperation and shared interests
-No defined leaders, membership, or responsibility
-Meet together to further individual goals, which will ultimately help patient care
Smallpox virus characteristics - ANSWER: -Poxvirus
- Largest type of virus, almost visible with light microscopy Includes variola
(smallpox), molluscum contagiosum, cowpox, monkey pox
-Smallpox is ONLY found in humans
Smallpox infection - ANSWER: -Once inhaled, it reproduces in the respiratory tract
-Disseminates through blood (viremia) and lymphatic system
-After this initial infection, a more intense viremia occurs
-Spread to internal organs and skin, causing the characteristic "pocks" to erupt
Strategies used for smallpox eradication - ANSWER: -Direct vaccination of vulnerable
populations utilizing national healthcare networks
-Actively seeking out cases and containing outbreaks
-Quarantine
-Increased efficiency of delivery (development of bifurcated needle)
, -Use of jeeps and specialized vehicles to reach off road areas
Eradication - ANSWER: permanently reducing the number of worldwide new
infections to zero, with interventions no longer needed
Factors of eradication - ANSWER: -Human beings were the only known reservoir for
the virus
-No asymptomatic carrier state existed
-An effective vaccine was available
-Vaccination of contacts resulted in prevention or modification of disease
Antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) - ANSWER: help clinicians improve clinical
outcomes and minimize harms by improving antibiotic prescribing
Hospital ASPs can increase infection cure rates while reducing - ANSWER: -Treatment
failures
-C. difficile infections
-Adverse effects
-Antibiotic resistance
-Hospital costs and lengths of stay
Core elements of hospital ASPs - ANSWER: -Hospital leadership commitment
-accountability
-pharmacy expertise
-action
-tracking
-reporting
-education
Ideal antibiotic stewardship team - ANSWER: -Clinical pharmacist with infectious
disease training
-Clinical microbiologist
-Information system specialist
-Infection control professional
-Hospital epidemiologist
Pharmacy-Values - ANSWER: -Value excellence in the choice and dosing of drugs
used for treating and achieving cure of the patient's disease
Prospective pharmacists should have several relevant qualities: - ANSWER: -
analytical skills
-communication skills
-orientation to detail
-managerial skills
Physicians-Values - ANSWER: -cost of service is secondary issue
-independent
