AQA PSYCHOLOGY - MEMORY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

AQA PSYCHOLOGY - MEMORY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Coding The format in which information is stored. (How) Who Did Research On Coding? Baddely Process of Baddely's Experiment on coding Group 1 - Accoustically similar Group 2 - Acoustically disimilar Group 3 - Semantically similar Group 4 - Semantically disimilar They were given a list of original words in wrong order. Had to recall in correct order. (LTM 20 Min Interval) Result of Baddley's Experiment For coding STM Confusion between acoustically similar words Result of Baddley's Experiment for coding in LTM Confusion between semantially similar words Conclusions for Baddley's Experiment on coding STM - Acoustic confusion, coded acoustically LTM - Semantic confusion, coded semantically Positive Evaluation for Baddley's Experiment on coding Cause and effect is shown. Replicable Makes cognitive sense - Shopping list = words aloud. Recall of book = recall of plot Negative Evaluation of Baddley's Experiment on coding Artificial Stimuli - Cautious about generalising Lacks EV Small difference in recall between semantic lists = semantic coding is STM. What is Capacity? Amount of information that can be held. Research for Capacity Jacobs and Miller Method for Jacob's Study on capacity Aim - See how much info STM can hold at one time Developed a technique - Digit Span Research gave a certain number of digits then the PP recalled in correct order. If recalled correctly, amount of digits increased. Determines individuals digit span. Results of Jacob's Study on capacity 7.3 letters 9.3 words Positive Evaluation(s) of Jacob's Study on capacity Supported by other research - More validity Negative Evaluation(s) of Jacob's Study on capacity Conducted a long time ago - Lacked adequate control Lacks EV - Lacks Mundane realism May not have controlled for confounding variables - reduces validity What Did Miller's Study Discover? Instead as keeping the information as individuals, the unit of informaiton can be increased by chunking. What is Miller's Magic Number? 7 +/- 2 (5-9 chunks) Evaluation Points For Miller's Study Lacks EV Miller may have overestimated STM capacity Cowan reviwed the research and found it was only 4 chunks. Evaluation of Capacity Other factors at play - Age and practice effects Nowadays limitations of STM seen as due to processing limitations associated with STM What is Duration? Length of time information can be held Who Conducted STM Duration Research? Peterson and Peterson Method for Peterson and Peterson's Study on duration Each student was given a nonsense triagrams (3 consenants), as well as a 3 digit number. The student had to count backwards from this number (prevents mental rehearsal) told to stop counting at different intervals. Results for Peterson and Peterson's Study on duration Amount recalled correctly: 3 seconds - 90% 18 seconds - 5% (Significant difference between them) Conclusion for Peterson and Peterson's Study on duration STM has a very short duration unless it is rehearsed, I.e. Mental Rehearsal. Positive Evaluation of Peterson and Peterson's Study on duration Operationalised - Replicable Controlled for confounding variables (counting backwards) People do try and remember phone numbers - releva