2024 NURSING 6001 EXAM 1
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Infection - CORRECT-ANSWERSdisease state resulting from pathogens in
or on the body
health promotion and nursing assessment - CORRECT-ANSWERSnurses
assess health-promotion activities
introduce screening questions
collaboration
parathyroid glands in regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance -
CORRECT-ANSWERSregulate calcium and phosphate balance by means of
PTH; PTH influences bone and calcium reabsorption from intestines and
renal tubules
increased secretion of PTH causes elevated serum calcium concentration
and lowered serum phosphate concentration
decreased secretion of PTH causes lowered serum calcium concentration
and elevated serum phosphate concentration
fluid imbalances - CORRECT-ANSWERSInvolve either volume or
distribution of water or electrolytes
hypovolemia
-trauma
-losing pure volume
dehydration
-loss of water
-pure GI losses
-not taking in water
third-space fluid shift
-liver failure
-renal failure
-CHF
hypovolemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSdeficiency in amount of water and
electrolytes in ECF with near-normal water/electrolyte proportions
,dehydration - CORRECT-ANSWERSdecreased volume of water and
electrolyte change
third-space fluid shift - CORRECT-ANSWERSdistributional shift of body
fluids into potential body spaces
hypervolemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSexcessive retention of water and
sodium in ECF
overhydration - CORRECT-ANSWERSabove normal amounts of water in
extracellular spaces
edema - CORRECT-ANSWERSexcessive ECF accumulates in tissue spaces
Interstitial-to-plasma shift - CORRECT-ANSWERSmovement of fluid from
space surrounding cells to blood
electrolyte imbalances - CORRECT-ANSWERSHyponatremia and
hypernatremia
-135-145
Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia
-3.5-5
Hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia
-8.8-10.4
Hypomagnesemia and -hypermagnesemia
-1.8-2.6
Hypophosphatemia and -hyperphosphatemia
-2.7-4.5
acid base balance - CORRECT-ANSWERSacid- substance containing
hydrogen ions that can be liberated or released
base-substance that can trap hydrogen ions
homeostatic regulators of hydrogen ions - CORRECT-ANSWERSbuffer
systems
-carbonic-acid sodium bicarb: most important
-phosphate: renal tubules
-protein: mixture of plasma proteins and the globin portion of hemoglobin
in red blood cells
respiratory mechanisms
renal mechanisms
,acid-base imbalances - CORRECT-ANSWERSOccur when carbonic acid or
bicarbonate levels become disproportionate
-respiratory acidosis-primary excess of carbonic acid in ECF
-respiratory alkalosis- primary deficit of carbonic acid in ECF
-metabolic acidosis- proportionate deficit of bicarb in ECF
-metabolic alkalosis- primary excess of bicarb in ECF
nursing process- fluid and electrolytes - CORRECT-ANSWERSidentify
patients at risk for imbalances
determine a specific imbalance is present and its severity, etiology, and
characteristics
determine effectiveness of plan of care
assessment components for fluid and electrolytes - CORRECT-
ANSWERSnursing history and physical assessment
fluid intake and output
daily weights
laboratory studies
laboratory studies fluid and electorlyte - CORRECT-ANSWERScomplete
blood count
serum electrolytes
urine pH and specific gravity
arterial blood gases
main electrolytes - CORRECT-ANSWERSsodium
potassium
chloride
bicarb
BUN
creatinine
, urine pH and spec gravity - CORRECT-ANSWERS
arterial blood gases - CORRECT-ANSWERSa test performed on arterial
blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases
present
pH (7.35-7.45)
PaCO2 (35045)
HCO3 (22-26)
How to interpret ABGs - CORRECT-ANSWERS1) is pH out of range
2) is CO2 normal
3) is bicarb normal
4) match the CO2 or the HCO3 with the pH
5) does the CO2 or the HCo3 go the opposite direction of the pH
6) are the p02 and the 02 sat normal?
risk factors for electrolyte imbalances - CORRECT-
ANSWERSpathophysiology underlying acute and chronic illnesses
abnormal losses of body fluids
burns
trauma
therapies that disrupt fluid and electrolyte balance
nursing diagnosis for electrolytes - CORRECT-ANSWERSexcess fluid
volume
deficient fluid volume
risk for imbalanced fluid volume
expected outcomes fluid balance - CORRECT-ANSWERSmaintain
approximate fluid intake and output balance (2500ml intake and output
over 3 days)
maintain urine specific gravity within normal range (1010-1025)
practice self-care behaviors to promote balance
implementation fluid balance - CORRECT-ANSWERSgoal- to prevent fluid
imbalances
dietary modifications
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Infection - CORRECT-ANSWERSdisease state resulting from pathogens in
or on the body
health promotion and nursing assessment - CORRECT-ANSWERSnurses
assess health-promotion activities
introduce screening questions
collaboration
parathyroid glands in regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance -
CORRECT-ANSWERSregulate calcium and phosphate balance by means of
PTH; PTH influences bone and calcium reabsorption from intestines and
renal tubules
increased secretion of PTH causes elevated serum calcium concentration
and lowered serum phosphate concentration
decreased secretion of PTH causes lowered serum calcium concentration
and elevated serum phosphate concentration
fluid imbalances - CORRECT-ANSWERSInvolve either volume or
distribution of water or electrolytes
hypovolemia
-trauma
-losing pure volume
dehydration
-loss of water
-pure GI losses
-not taking in water
third-space fluid shift
-liver failure
-renal failure
-CHF
hypovolemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSdeficiency in amount of water and
electrolytes in ECF with near-normal water/electrolyte proportions
,dehydration - CORRECT-ANSWERSdecreased volume of water and
electrolyte change
third-space fluid shift - CORRECT-ANSWERSdistributional shift of body
fluids into potential body spaces
hypervolemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSexcessive retention of water and
sodium in ECF
overhydration - CORRECT-ANSWERSabove normal amounts of water in
extracellular spaces
edema - CORRECT-ANSWERSexcessive ECF accumulates in tissue spaces
Interstitial-to-plasma shift - CORRECT-ANSWERSmovement of fluid from
space surrounding cells to blood
electrolyte imbalances - CORRECT-ANSWERSHyponatremia and
hypernatremia
-135-145
Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia
-3.5-5
Hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia
-8.8-10.4
Hypomagnesemia and -hypermagnesemia
-1.8-2.6
Hypophosphatemia and -hyperphosphatemia
-2.7-4.5
acid base balance - CORRECT-ANSWERSacid- substance containing
hydrogen ions that can be liberated or released
base-substance that can trap hydrogen ions
homeostatic regulators of hydrogen ions - CORRECT-ANSWERSbuffer
systems
-carbonic-acid sodium bicarb: most important
-phosphate: renal tubules
-protein: mixture of plasma proteins and the globin portion of hemoglobin
in red blood cells
respiratory mechanisms
renal mechanisms
,acid-base imbalances - CORRECT-ANSWERSOccur when carbonic acid or
bicarbonate levels become disproportionate
-respiratory acidosis-primary excess of carbonic acid in ECF
-respiratory alkalosis- primary deficit of carbonic acid in ECF
-metabolic acidosis- proportionate deficit of bicarb in ECF
-metabolic alkalosis- primary excess of bicarb in ECF
nursing process- fluid and electrolytes - CORRECT-ANSWERSidentify
patients at risk for imbalances
determine a specific imbalance is present and its severity, etiology, and
characteristics
determine effectiveness of plan of care
assessment components for fluid and electrolytes - CORRECT-
ANSWERSnursing history and physical assessment
fluid intake and output
daily weights
laboratory studies
laboratory studies fluid and electorlyte - CORRECT-ANSWERScomplete
blood count
serum electrolytes
urine pH and specific gravity
arterial blood gases
main electrolytes - CORRECT-ANSWERSsodium
potassium
chloride
bicarb
BUN
creatinine
, urine pH and spec gravity - CORRECT-ANSWERS
arterial blood gases - CORRECT-ANSWERSa test performed on arterial
blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases
present
pH (7.35-7.45)
PaCO2 (35045)
HCO3 (22-26)
How to interpret ABGs - CORRECT-ANSWERS1) is pH out of range
2) is CO2 normal
3) is bicarb normal
4) match the CO2 or the HCO3 with the pH
5) does the CO2 or the HCo3 go the opposite direction of the pH
6) are the p02 and the 02 sat normal?
risk factors for electrolyte imbalances - CORRECT-
ANSWERSpathophysiology underlying acute and chronic illnesses
abnormal losses of body fluids
burns
trauma
therapies that disrupt fluid and electrolyte balance
nursing diagnosis for electrolytes - CORRECT-ANSWERSexcess fluid
volume
deficient fluid volume
risk for imbalanced fluid volume
expected outcomes fluid balance - CORRECT-ANSWERSmaintain
approximate fluid intake and output balance (2500ml intake and output
over 3 days)
maintain urine specific gravity within normal range (1010-1025)
practice self-care behaviors to promote balance
implementation fluid balance - CORRECT-ANSWERSgoal- to prevent fluid
imbalances
dietary modifications
