BIO 253 EXAM 2,3 AND FINAL EXAM PACKAGE DEAL
LATEST ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |AGRADE
Organs of the Urinary system - ANSWER: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
functional unit of the kidney - ANSWER: nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? - ANSWER: Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of? - ANSWER: capillaries
Function of a nephron - ANSWER: filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types - ANSWER: juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - ANSWER: -Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons - ANSWER: -85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney? - ANSWER: 1.)Reabsorption - moving substances
with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration - ANSWER: hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - ANSWER: filtrate
What is filtrate? - ANSWER: mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste
products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
, Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - ANSWER: Only water is absorbed in the
descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - ANSWER: @ Lowest concentration
(diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? - ANSWER: Countercurrent mechanism
(dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the
ascending limb.
tubular secretion - ANSWER: -selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in
renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function - ANSWER: directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function - ANSWER: -decreases sodium and water loss in urine by
returning sodium and water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells - ANSWER: kidneys
ANH function - ANSWER: Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out
H20 and Na+
Effects of ADH - ANSWER: increases reabsorption of water from urine back into
plasma and therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more
water because of the ADH
flow of urine through kidney - ANSWER: Glomerulus
Bowmans Capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
LATEST ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |AGRADE
Organs of the Urinary system - ANSWER: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
functional unit of the kidney - ANSWER: nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? - ANSWER: Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of? - ANSWER: capillaries
Function of a nephron - ANSWER: filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types - ANSWER: juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - ANSWER: -Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons - ANSWER: -85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney? - ANSWER: 1.)Reabsorption - moving substances
with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration - ANSWER: hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - ANSWER: filtrate
What is filtrate? - ANSWER: mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste
products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
, Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - ANSWER: Only water is absorbed in the
descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - ANSWER: @ Lowest concentration
(diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? - ANSWER: Countercurrent mechanism
(dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the
ascending limb.
tubular secretion - ANSWER: -selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in
renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function - ANSWER: directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function - ANSWER: -decreases sodium and water loss in urine by
returning sodium and water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells - ANSWER: kidneys
ANH function - ANSWER: Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out
H20 and Na+
Effects of ADH - ANSWER: increases reabsorption of water from urine back into
plasma and therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more
water because of the ADH
flow of urine through kidney - ANSWER: Glomerulus
Bowmans Capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
