CBIS EXAM LATEST ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
* Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 3-8 - ANSWER: Severe TBI; normal or abnormal
structural imaging. LOC over 24 hours, post traumatic amnesia over 7 days
* Glasgow Coma Scale 9-12 - ANSWER: Moderate TBI; LOC over 30 minutes but less
than 24 hours; alteration of consciousness over 24 hours, post traumatic amnesia
more than 1 day but less than 7 days
* Glasgow Coma Scale 13-15 - ANSWER: Mild TBI; normal imaging; LOC 0-30 minutes,
alteration of consciousness up to 24 hours, post traumatic amnesia up to 1 day
* 3 parts of neuron - ANSWER: Cell body
Axon
Dendrites
* 2.5 million TBIs - ANSWER: 53,000 deaths (2%)
284,000 hospitalizations (11%)
2,214,000 ED visits (87%)
* Coup-contrecoup - ANSWER: When the brain accelerates in one directions, it
rebounds in the opposite direction
* Acquired Brain Injury - ANSWER: An injury to the brain that is not hereditary,
congenital, degenerative or induced by birth trauma
* Traumatic Brain Injury - ANSWER: An alteration of brain function or other evidence
of brain pathology caused by an external force
* Incidence - ANSWER: Rate or range of occurrence
* Prevalence - ANSWER: Number of people with a given condition at a specific point
in time
* What determines the effects of brain injury? - ANSWER: Injury severity
Age at injury
Alcohol misuse
Domestic violence
Service in military
Participation in sports
* Concussion - ANSWER: Mild TBI caused by bump, blow or jolt to head that can
change the way the brain works (or a fall)
,Can occur in any sport or recreation activity
Memory loss
May or may not lose consciousness
* Brain Stem - ANSWER: Top of spinal column
Central point for all incoming and outgoing information and basic life functions
* Limbic System - ANSWER: Emotions and basic feelings
* Frontal Lobe Damage - ANSWER: Executive function/personality
Lack of control of behaviors, poor short term memory and working memory
* Broca's Area - ANSWER: Located in lower portion of motor cortex (left frontal-
temporal lobe)
Expression- production of speech
* Wernicke's Area - ANSWER: Located in left temporal parietal area
Receptive- understanding of speech
* Risk of TBI after first injury - ANSWER: 3x greater for 2nd injury
* Risk of TBI after second injury - ANSWER: 8x greater for 3rd injury
* Alcohol and TBI - ANSWER: 37%-51% of brain injuries
22% of drivers aged 15-20 involved in fatal MVAs had been drinking
56% not wearing seat belts
* Neurons - ANSWER: Communicating cells
* Frontal Lobe - ANSWER: Primary motor cortex and prefrontal cortex
Planning, organizing, problem solving, judgment, impulse control, decision making,
working memory, emotional control, motivation, verbal expression
* Occipital Lobe - ANSWER: Visual stimuli processing
Brain Injury in Prisons - ANSWER: 2 million people in prisons have a brain injury not
recognized, diagnosed or treated
Female inmates convicted of violent crime are more likely to have sustained a pre
crime TBI or other form of physical abuse
Lost Productivity - ANSWER: Loss of earning potential, payment of taxes and the re-
investment of earnings into the economy
Neurogenic Bladder - ANSWER: Affected cerebral structures that control bladder
storage and emptying functions
Incontinence
,Spasticity - ANSWER: Increase in muscle tone resulting in abnormal motor patterns
Faster stretch = stronger spasm
Monitor for sedating effects of meds
Dura Mater - ANSWER: Outer layer of meninges; heavy covering
Bleed in this area: subdural hematoma
Arachnoid Layer - ANSWER: 2nd layer of meninges; similar to spider web
Bleed in this area: subdural hematoma
Pia Mater - ANSWER: 3rd layer of meninges; molds around sulci and gyri of brain
Synapse - ANSWER: Junction between cells
Action Potential - ANSWER: Electrical impulse fired
Brain stem areas - ANSWER: Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
Cerebellum - ANSWER: Lower back section of brain
Coordinates, modulates and stores all body movement
Occipital Lobes - ANSWER: Primary visual center
Visual cortex connected to eyes by optic nerves
Interprets visual info (recognize size, color, light, motion, dimensions)
Occipital Lobe Damage - ANSWER: Visual-pereptual-motoric distortions
Neuroplasticity - ANSWER: Brain can adapt and reorganize due to environment
around it or due to cell death
Nervous system changes itself, forms new connections and creates new neurons to
compensate for injury or adapt to changes in environment
Restorative approach
Polytherapies - ANSWER: The use of more than one treatment method in a
combined therapeutic approach; may provide better results
Plasticity - ANSWER: A change in the expression of genes or proteins related to
neuroplasticity
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy - ANSWER: Contrain unaffected limb for first
2 weeks post injury, plasticity in cortex opposite stroke is eliminated
Encourages greater use of impaired limb
, Axonal Shearing - ANSWER: Axons are twisted and disconnected; functional abilities
diminished
Tension type Headache - ANSWER: Bilateral head pain; tight hat or vice clamping
around head
Tx with NSAIDs and low load craniocervical mobilization
Cervicogenic Headache - ANSWER: Head pain generated from cervical spine
Can provoke headache through movement or manipulation of neck
Tx with manual therapies or nerve injections
Post-traumatic Migraine - ANSWER: Episodes of headaches with different phases
Prodrome-> aura -> headache -> post drome
Typically unilateral, throbbing, stabbing or sharp pain
Tx with triptans, NSAIDs, dark room, quiet environment
Neuralgia - ANSWER: Pain caused by damage to nerve or structural change in nerve
Standard Precautions - ANSWER: Hand hygiene, PPE, respiratory hygiene, safe
injection and disposal of sharps, cleansing of equipment, isiolation
Awareness - ANSWER: An individual's ability to receive and process information and
use that information to relate to an intentional way to the outside world
Regulated by higher cortical areas in cerebrum
Costs of Brain Injury - ANSWER: Lost productivity
Insufficient or inappropriate diagnosis, treatment and care
CDC - ANSWER: Centers for Disease Control
Carries out projects to reduce the incidence of TBI
Brain Injury is a silent epidemic - ANSWER: Person looks normal
Under diagnoses, unreported
Problems at work/school, changes in personal relationships, legal problems,
homelessness
Public Funding of TBI - ANSWER: Medicaid
Medicare
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 2010
Axon - ANSWER: Transmits signals electrochemically from one cell body to another
Dendrite - ANSWER: Receives information at the synapse from other neurons
Synaptic Gap - ANSWER: Between axon and other neuron's dendrite
(neurotransmitters come here)
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
* Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 3-8 - ANSWER: Severe TBI; normal or abnormal
structural imaging. LOC over 24 hours, post traumatic amnesia over 7 days
* Glasgow Coma Scale 9-12 - ANSWER: Moderate TBI; LOC over 30 minutes but less
than 24 hours; alteration of consciousness over 24 hours, post traumatic amnesia
more than 1 day but less than 7 days
* Glasgow Coma Scale 13-15 - ANSWER: Mild TBI; normal imaging; LOC 0-30 minutes,
alteration of consciousness up to 24 hours, post traumatic amnesia up to 1 day
* 3 parts of neuron - ANSWER: Cell body
Axon
Dendrites
* 2.5 million TBIs - ANSWER: 53,000 deaths (2%)
284,000 hospitalizations (11%)
2,214,000 ED visits (87%)
* Coup-contrecoup - ANSWER: When the brain accelerates in one directions, it
rebounds in the opposite direction
* Acquired Brain Injury - ANSWER: An injury to the brain that is not hereditary,
congenital, degenerative or induced by birth trauma
* Traumatic Brain Injury - ANSWER: An alteration of brain function or other evidence
of brain pathology caused by an external force
* Incidence - ANSWER: Rate or range of occurrence
* Prevalence - ANSWER: Number of people with a given condition at a specific point
in time
* What determines the effects of brain injury? - ANSWER: Injury severity
Age at injury
Alcohol misuse
Domestic violence
Service in military
Participation in sports
* Concussion - ANSWER: Mild TBI caused by bump, blow or jolt to head that can
change the way the brain works (or a fall)
,Can occur in any sport or recreation activity
Memory loss
May or may not lose consciousness
* Brain Stem - ANSWER: Top of spinal column
Central point for all incoming and outgoing information and basic life functions
* Limbic System - ANSWER: Emotions and basic feelings
* Frontal Lobe Damage - ANSWER: Executive function/personality
Lack of control of behaviors, poor short term memory and working memory
* Broca's Area - ANSWER: Located in lower portion of motor cortex (left frontal-
temporal lobe)
Expression- production of speech
* Wernicke's Area - ANSWER: Located in left temporal parietal area
Receptive- understanding of speech
* Risk of TBI after first injury - ANSWER: 3x greater for 2nd injury
* Risk of TBI after second injury - ANSWER: 8x greater for 3rd injury
* Alcohol and TBI - ANSWER: 37%-51% of brain injuries
22% of drivers aged 15-20 involved in fatal MVAs had been drinking
56% not wearing seat belts
* Neurons - ANSWER: Communicating cells
* Frontal Lobe - ANSWER: Primary motor cortex and prefrontal cortex
Planning, organizing, problem solving, judgment, impulse control, decision making,
working memory, emotional control, motivation, verbal expression
* Occipital Lobe - ANSWER: Visual stimuli processing
Brain Injury in Prisons - ANSWER: 2 million people in prisons have a brain injury not
recognized, diagnosed or treated
Female inmates convicted of violent crime are more likely to have sustained a pre
crime TBI or other form of physical abuse
Lost Productivity - ANSWER: Loss of earning potential, payment of taxes and the re-
investment of earnings into the economy
Neurogenic Bladder - ANSWER: Affected cerebral structures that control bladder
storage and emptying functions
Incontinence
,Spasticity - ANSWER: Increase in muscle tone resulting in abnormal motor patterns
Faster stretch = stronger spasm
Monitor for sedating effects of meds
Dura Mater - ANSWER: Outer layer of meninges; heavy covering
Bleed in this area: subdural hematoma
Arachnoid Layer - ANSWER: 2nd layer of meninges; similar to spider web
Bleed in this area: subdural hematoma
Pia Mater - ANSWER: 3rd layer of meninges; molds around sulci and gyri of brain
Synapse - ANSWER: Junction between cells
Action Potential - ANSWER: Electrical impulse fired
Brain stem areas - ANSWER: Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
Cerebellum - ANSWER: Lower back section of brain
Coordinates, modulates and stores all body movement
Occipital Lobes - ANSWER: Primary visual center
Visual cortex connected to eyes by optic nerves
Interprets visual info (recognize size, color, light, motion, dimensions)
Occipital Lobe Damage - ANSWER: Visual-pereptual-motoric distortions
Neuroplasticity - ANSWER: Brain can adapt and reorganize due to environment
around it or due to cell death
Nervous system changes itself, forms new connections and creates new neurons to
compensate for injury or adapt to changes in environment
Restorative approach
Polytherapies - ANSWER: The use of more than one treatment method in a
combined therapeutic approach; may provide better results
Plasticity - ANSWER: A change in the expression of genes or proteins related to
neuroplasticity
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy - ANSWER: Contrain unaffected limb for first
2 weeks post injury, plasticity in cortex opposite stroke is eliminated
Encourages greater use of impaired limb
, Axonal Shearing - ANSWER: Axons are twisted and disconnected; functional abilities
diminished
Tension type Headache - ANSWER: Bilateral head pain; tight hat or vice clamping
around head
Tx with NSAIDs and low load craniocervical mobilization
Cervicogenic Headache - ANSWER: Head pain generated from cervical spine
Can provoke headache through movement or manipulation of neck
Tx with manual therapies or nerve injections
Post-traumatic Migraine - ANSWER: Episodes of headaches with different phases
Prodrome-> aura -> headache -> post drome
Typically unilateral, throbbing, stabbing or sharp pain
Tx with triptans, NSAIDs, dark room, quiet environment
Neuralgia - ANSWER: Pain caused by damage to nerve or structural change in nerve
Standard Precautions - ANSWER: Hand hygiene, PPE, respiratory hygiene, safe
injection and disposal of sharps, cleansing of equipment, isiolation
Awareness - ANSWER: An individual's ability to receive and process information and
use that information to relate to an intentional way to the outside world
Regulated by higher cortical areas in cerebrum
Costs of Brain Injury - ANSWER: Lost productivity
Insufficient or inappropriate diagnosis, treatment and care
CDC - ANSWER: Centers for Disease Control
Carries out projects to reduce the incidence of TBI
Brain Injury is a silent epidemic - ANSWER: Person looks normal
Under diagnoses, unreported
Problems at work/school, changes in personal relationships, legal problems,
homelessness
Public Funding of TBI - ANSWER: Medicaid
Medicare
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 2010
Axon - ANSWER: Transmits signals electrochemically from one cell body to another
Dendrite - ANSWER: Receives information at the synapse from other neurons
Synaptic Gap - ANSWER: Between axon and other neuron's dendrite
(neurotransmitters come here)
