NCLEX RN ACTUAL EXAM /RN NCLEX ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
In Abruptio Placenta, the placenta _______________ from the uterine wall
____________. - ANSWER: Separates, prematurely
Vaginal bleeding (+/-), Abdominal pain, Back pain.
Rapid uterine contractions
Treatment includes
- Bed rest and continuous FHM
- Emergency C-Section
-Blood transfusion
Abruptio Placenta usually occurs in (prima/multi) gravida over the age of
____________. - ANSWER: Multi, 35 (HTN, trauma, tobacco,cocaine)
How is the bleeding of Abruptio Placenta different from that in placenta previa? -
ANSWER: pain and less voluminous in abruption
Bright red vaginal bleeding without pain = Previa
If you are the nurse starting the IV on the client with Abruptia Placenta, what guage
needle should you use? - ANSWER: 18 (in preparation to give blood if necessary)
How often should you measure the vital signs, vaginal bleeding, fetal heart rate
during Abruptio Placenta>? - ANSWER: Q5-15 minutes for bleeding and maternal
VS, continuous fetal monitoring, deliver at earliest sign of fetal distress
How is an infant delivered when Abruptio Placenta is present? - ANSWER: Usually C-
section
Is there a higher or lower incidence of fetal death with Abruptio Placenta compared
to Placenta Previa? - ANSWER: Higher
In what trimester does Abruptio Placenta most commonly occur? - ANSWER: Third
At what age are accidental poisonings most common? - ANSWER: 2 years old
If a child swallows a potentially poisonous substance, what should be done first? -
ANSWER: call medical help
When taking a child to the ER after accidental poisoning has occurred what must
accompany the child to the ER? - ANSWER: the suspected poison
An elderly client is a (high/low) risk for accidental poisoning? What about a school
age child? - ANSWER: high - due to poor eyesight, high
,What types of chemicals cause burns to oral mucosa when ingested? - ANSWER: Lye,
caustic cleaners
Children at highest risk for seizure activity after ingestion are those who have
swallowed _____________ and ______________. - ANSWER: drugs, insecticides
Can impaired skin integrity ever be an appropriate nursing diagnosis when poisoning
has occurred? - ANSWER: Yes, when lye or caustic agents have been ingested
What is the causative organism of acne? - ANSWER: P. acnes (propionibacterium
acnes)
What structures are involved in acne vulgaris? - ANSWER: The sebaceous glands
Name 3 drugs given for acne? - ANSWER: Vitamin A, Antibiotics, Retinoids
Dietary indiscretions and uncleanliness are causes of acne? - ANSWER: NO
What are the 3 causative factors in acne vulgaris? - ANSWER: Heredity, Bacterial,
Hormonal
What is the most common retinoid given to people with acne? - ANSWER: Accutane
(Isotretinoin)
Requires an iPledge
Accutane is an analog of which vitamin? - ANSWER: Vitamin A
What is the most common side effect of accutane and Tetracycline? - ANSWER: birth
defects
sensitivity to sunlight
What is the antibiotic most commonly given to clients with acne? - ANSWER:
Tetracycline - sensitivity to sunlight
How long will it take for the person to see results when acne is being treated? -
ANSWER: 4 to 6 weeks
Does stress make acne worse? - ANSWER: yes
How often should the client with acne wash his face each day? - ANSWER: twice a
day
What instructions do you give to a client taking tetracycline? - ANSWER: Take it on
an empty stomach and avoid the sunlight (photosensitivity)
What are comedones? - ANSWER: Blackheads (opened) and white heads (closed)
,What virus causes AIDS? - ANSWER: HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus
The AIDS virus invades helper ____________. - ANSWER: T-lymphocytes (or CD4
cells)
AIDS is trasmissible through what four routes? - ANSWER: blood, sexual contact,
breast feeding, across placenta in utero
HIV is present in all body fluids? - ANSWER: Yes, but not transmitted by all, only
blood, semen and breast milk
Name the 5 risk groups for AIDS - ANSWER: Homosexual/bisexual men, IV drug users,
hemophiliacs, heterosexual partners of infected people, newborn children of
infected women
What is the first test for HIV antibodies? - ANSWER: ELISA
What test confirms the ELISA? - ANSWER: Western Blot
Which test is the best indicator of the progress of HIV disease? - ANSWER: CD4 count
A CD4 count of under __________ is associated with the onset of AIDS-related
symptoms. - ANSWER: 500
A CD4 count of under _______ is associated with the onset of opportunistic
infections. - ANSWER: 200
Give 6 symptoms of HIV disease. - ANSWER: Anorexia, fatigue, weakness, night
sweats, fever, diarrhea
Which 2 classes of drugs are given in combination for HIV sero-positivity? - ANSWER:
NRTI's (nucleoside reverse transcriptease inhibitors) and PI's (protease inhibitors)
NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptease inhibitors) - ANSWER: an antiviral drug used
against HIV (is incorporated into the DNA of the virus and stops the building process;
results in incomplete DNA that cannot create a new virus; often used in combination
with other drugs)
PI's (Protease inhibitors) - ANSWER: most potent of antiviral meds, inhibit cell
protein synthesis that interferes with viral replication, does not cure but slows
progression of AIDS and prolongs life, used prophylactically, used in AIDS to decrease
viral load and opportunistic infections
What do NRTI's and PI's do? - ANSWER: They prevent viral replication
, What does the physician hope to achieve with NRTI's and PI's for HIV? - ANSWER: A
delayed onset of AIDS for as long as possible (usually can delay onset for 10-15
years)
What is the most common NRTI used, SE? - ANSWER: AZT (zidovudine)
heartburn, headache, lactic acidosis, muscle weakness, anemia, neutropenia
What is the most challenging aspect of combination of drug therapy for HIV disease?
- ANSWER: The number of pills that must be taken in 24 hours can be overwhelming.
The frequency also makes it hard to remember-an alarm wristwatch is used.
Clients with AIDS (gain/lose) weight? - ANSWER: lose
The typical pneumonia of AIDS is caused by ___________ ____________. - ANSWER:
Pneumocystic carinii: Pneumocystis jirovecii
What type of oral/esophageal infections do AIDS patients get? - ANSWER: Candida
What is the #1 cancer that AIDS patients get? - ANSWER: Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma is a cancer of the ___________. - ANSWER: skin
T/F: AIDS patients get lymphomas? - ANSWER: True
What lab findings are present in AIDS? - ANSWER: Decreased RBC's, WBC's and
platelets
Anemia, Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia
If the AIDS patient has leukopenia they will be on _____________
________________. - ANSWER: protective (reverse) isolation
Define Leukopenia = Leukocytopenia - ANSWER: decrease in wbc, indicated viral
infection
Without leukopenia the AIDS patient will be on ____________ precautions. -
ANSWER: Standard precautions or blood and body fluid precautions
When the AIDS patient has a low platelet count, what is indicated? - ANSWER:
bleeding precautions; No IM's, no rectal temperatures, other bleeding precautions
Does AIDS require a single room? - ANSWER: Yes - if WBC counts are low
When do you need a gown with AIDS? - ANSWER: If you are going to get
contaminated with secretions
When do you need a mask with AIDS? - ANSWER: Not usually unless they have an
infection caused by an airborne bug
COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
In Abruptio Placenta, the placenta _______________ from the uterine wall
____________. - ANSWER: Separates, prematurely
Vaginal bleeding (+/-), Abdominal pain, Back pain.
Rapid uterine contractions
Treatment includes
- Bed rest and continuous FHM
- Emergency C-Section
-Blood transfusion
Abruptio Placenta usually occurs in (prima/multi) gravida over the age of
____________. - ANSWER: Multi, 35 (HTN, trauma, tobacco,cocaine)
How is the bleeding of Abruptio Placenta different from that in placenta previa? -
ANSWER: pain and less voluminous in abruption
Bright red vaginal bleeding without pain = Previa
If you are the nurse starting the IV on the client with Abruptia Placenta, what guage
needle should you use? - ANSWER: 18 (in preparation to give blood if necessary)
How often should you measure the vital signs, vaginal bleeding, fetal heart rate
during Abruptio Placenta>? - ANSWER: Q5-15 minutes for bleeding and maternal
VS, continuous fetal monitoring, deliver at earliest sign of fetal distress
How is an infant delivered when Abruptio Placenta is present? - ANSWER: Usually C-
section
Is there a higher or lower incidence of fetal death with Abruptio Placenta compared
to Placenta Previa? - ANSWER: Higher
In what trimester does Abruptio Placenta most commonly occur? - ANSWER: Third
At what age are accidental poisonings most common? - ANSWER: 2 years old
If a child swallows a potentially poisonous substance, what should be done first? -
ANSWER: call medical help
When taking a child to the ER after accidental poisoning has occurred what must
accompany the child to the ER? - ANSWER: the suspected poison
An elderly client is a (high/low) risk for accidental poisoning? What about a school
age child? - ANSWER: high - due to poor eyesight, high
,What types of chemicals cause burns to oral mucosa when ingested? - ANSWER: Lye,
caustic cleaners
Children at highest risk for seizure activity after ingestion are those who have
swallowed _____________ and ______________. - ANSWER: drugs, insecticides
Can impaired skin integrity ever be an appropriate nursing diagnosis when poisoning
has occurred? - ANSWER: Yes, when lye or caustic agents have been ingested
What is the causative organism of acne? - ANSWER: P. acnes (propionibacterium
acnes)
What structures are involved in acne vulgaris? - ANSWER: The sebaceous glands
Name 3 drugs given for acne? - ANSWER: Vitamin A, Antibiotics, Retinoids
Dietary indiscretions and uncleanliness are causes of acne? - ANSWER: NO
What are the 3 causative factors in acne vulgaris? - ANSWER: Heredity, Bacterial,
Hormonal
What is the most common retinoid given to people with acne? - ANSWER: Accutane
(Isotretinoin)
Requires an iPledge
Accutane is an analog of which vitamin? - ANSWER: Vitamin A
What is the most common side effect of accutane and Tetracycline? - ANSWER: birth
defects
sensitivity to sunlight
What is the antibiotic most commonly given to clients with acne? - ANSWER:
Tetracycline - sensitivity to sunlight
How long will it take for the person to see results when acne is being treated? -
ANSWER: 4 to 6 weeks
Does stress make acne worse? - ANSWER: yes
How often should the client with acne wash his face each day? - ANSWER: twice a
day
What instructions do you give to a client taking tetracycline? - ANSWER: Take it on
an empty stomach and avoid the sunlight (photosensitivity)
What are comedones? - ANSWER: Blackheads (opened) and white heads (closed)
,What virus causes AIDS? - ANSWER: HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus
The AIDS virus invades helper ____________. - ANSWER: T-lymphocytes (or CD4
cells)
AIDS is trasmissible through what four routes? - ANSWER: blood, sexual contact,
breast feeding, across placenta in utero
HIV is present in all body fluids? - ANSWER: Yes, but not transmitted by all, only
blood, semen and breast milk
Name the 5 risk groups for AIDS - ANSWER: Homosexual/bisexual men, IV drug users,
hemophiliacs, heterosexual partners of infected people, newborn children of
infected women
What is the first test for HIV antibodies? - ANSWER: ELISA
What test confirms the ELISA? - ANSWER: Western Blot
Which test is the best indicator of the progress of HIV disease? - ANSWER: CD4 count
A CD4 count of under __________ is associated with the onset of AIDS-related
symptoms. - ANSWER: 500
A CD4 count of under _______ is associated with the onset of opportunistic
infections. - ANSWER: 200
Give 6 symptoms of HIV disease. - ANSWER: Anorexia, fatigue, weakness, night
sweats, fever, diarrhea
Which 2 classes of drugs are given in combination for HIV sero-positivity? - ANSWER:
NRTI's (nucleoside reverse transcriptease inhibitors) and PI's (protease inhibitors)
NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptease inhibitors) - ANSWER: an antiviral drug used
against HIV (is incorporated into the DNA of the virus and stops the building process;
results in incomplete DNA that cannot create a new virus; often used in combination
with other drugs)
PI's (Protease inhibitors) - ANSWER: most potent of antiviral meds, inhibit cell
protein synthesis that interferes with viral replication, does not cure but slows
progression of AIDS and prolongs life, used prophylactically, used in AIDS to decrease
viral load and opportunistic infections
What do NRTI's and PI's do? - ANSWER: They prevent viral replication
, What does the physician hope to achieve with NRTI's and PI's for HIV? - ANSWER: A
delayed onset of AIDS for as long as possible (usually can delay onset for 10-15
years)
What is the most common NRTI used, SE? - ANSWER: AZT (zidovudine)
heartburn, headache, lactic acidosis, muscle weakness, anemia, neutropenia
What is the most challenging aspect of combination of drug therapy for HIV disease?
- ANSWER: The number of pills that must be taken in 24 hours can be overwhelming.
The frequency also makes it hard to remember-an alarm wristwatch is used.
Clients with AIDS (gain/lose) weight? - ANSWER: lose
The typical pneumonia of AIDS is caused by ___________ ____________. - ANSWER:
Pneumocystic carinii: Pneumocystis jirovecii
What type of oral/esophageal infections do AIDS patients get? - ANSWER: Candida
What is the #1 cancer that AIDS patients get? - ANSWER: Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma is a cancer of the ___________. - ANSWER: skin
T/F: AIDS patients get lymphomas? - ANSWER: True
What lab findings are present in AIDS? - ANSWER: Decreased RBC's, WBC's and
platelets
Anemia, Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia
If the AIDS patient has leukopenia they will be on _____________
________________. - ANSWER: protective (reverse) isolation
Define Leukopenia = Leukocytopenia - ANSWER: decrease in wbc, indicated viral
infection
Without leukopenia the AIDS patient will be on ____________ precautions. -
ANSWER: Standard precautions or blood and body fluid precautions
When the AIDS patient has a low platelet count, what is indicated? - ANSWER:
bleeding precautions; No IM's, no rectal temperatures, other bleeding precautions
Does AIDS require a single room? - ANSWER: Yes - if WBC counts are low
When do you need a gown with AIDS? - ANSWER: If you are going to get
contaminated with secretions
When do you need a mask with AIDS? - ANSWER: Not usually unless they have an
infection caused by an airborne bug
