NR 545 EXAM 1 LATEST ACTUAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|
ALREADY GRADED A+
What is otitis media? - ANSWER: infection of the middle ear
diagnosis of otitis media - ANSWER: -examination with otoscope will reveal bulging
tympanic membrane
-fluid bubbles may be observed behind a reddened tympanic membrane
signs and symptoms of otitis media - ANSWER: -fever, pain; infant may pull at ear
-enlarged lymph nodes
-discharge from ear (if drum is ruptured)
-upper respiratory symptoms
-vomiting, diarrhea
treatment of otitis media - ANSWER: antibiotics like amoxicillin
What is otitis externa? - ANSWER: inflammation of external auditory canal aka
"swimmer's ear"
diagnosis of otitis externa - ANSWER: Diagnosis is based on inspection - The ear canal
usually appears edematous and erythematous in external otitis. Debris or cerumen is
typically yellow, brown, white, or gray.
treatment for otitis externa - ANSWER: Topical antibiotic drops to affected ear
(fluoroquinolone or other covering pseudomonas)
What is Rhinovirus? - ANSWER: common cold
treatment of rhinovirus - ANSWER: Usually self-limited
No antiviral drugs effective
Relieve symptoms-Nasal vasoconstrictors; Nasal decongestants: eg.
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, Naphazoline etc.
Inhalation of HOT STEAM
Control:
Hand washing and disinfection practice
What is conjunctivitis? - ANSWER: pink eye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis - ANSWER: Red, irritated and
discomfort
No change in vision
Mucupurulent exudate
, Adhesions in the morning
Erythema
Edema of the lids
Usually starts unilateral and becomes bilateral
signs and symptoms of viral conjunctivitis - ANSWER: Can present with or without
cold symptoms, itchy, red eyes, and may have clear to no discharge
What is allergic rhinitis? - ANSWER: inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to
exposure to allergens "hay fever"
signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis - ANSWER: -Immediate and BILATERAL (both
sides) symptoms
-Itching nose, eyes, mouth
-sneezing
-congestion, dry mouth from mouth breating
-rhinorrhea
-nasal pruritis / itching - allergic salute
-dark circles, photophobia, conjuctivitis
-fatigue, irritability, malaise, cognitive impairment
Treatment of allergic rhinitis - ANSWER: antihistamine, glucocorticoids, allergen
immunotherapy such as reduction of seasonal increases of IL-4 and IgE
what is acute sinusitis - ANSWER: -Infection of the sinuses
often due to URI or allergy (Viral: 5 to 7 days, Bacterial: up to 4 weeks)
what is chronic sinusitis - ANSWER: Lasting longer then 3 weeks. A persistent
infection usually associated with allergies and nasal polyps. Usually results from
repeated episodes of acute sinusitis that results in irreversible loss of the normal
ciliated epithelium lining the sinus cavity.
signs and symptoms of sinusitis - ANSWER: 1. Increased pressure in the face/nasal
area
2. Facial headache
3. Tenderness over the sinuses
4. Post nasal drip
5. Leads to lower respiratory illness
treatment of sinusitis - ANSWER: (1) decongestants
(2) antimicrobial therapy
- recommendation is to NOT use antibiotics (usually viral and resolves w/in 2 weeks)
but if resolution does not occur, give amoxicillin
aceteminophen
fluids
rest
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|
ALREADY GRADED A+
What is otitis media? - ANSWER: infection of the middle ear
diagnosis of otitis media - ANSWER: -examination with otoscope will reveal bulging
tympanic membrane
-fluid bubbles may be observed behind a reddened tympanic membrane
signs and symptoms of otitis media - ANSWER: -fever, pain; infant may pull at ear
-enlarged lymph nodes
-discharge from ear (if drum is ruptured)
-upper respiratory symptoms
-vomiting, diarrhea
treatment of otitis media - ANSWER: antibiotics like amoxicillin
What is otitis externa? - ANSWER: inflammation of external auditory canal aka
"swimmer's ear"
diagnosis of otitis externa - ANSWER: Diagnosis is based on inspection - The ear canal
usually appears edematous and erythematous in external otitis. Debris or cerumen is
typically yellow, brown, white, or gray.
treatment for otitis externa - ANSWER: Topical antibiotic drops to affected ear
(fluoroquinolone or other covering pseudomonas)
What is Rhinovirus? - ANSWER: common cold
treatment of rhinovirus - ANSWER: Usually self-limited
No antiviral drugs effective
Relieve symptoms-Nasal vasoconstrictors; Nasal decongestants: eg.
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, Naphazoline etc.
Inhalation of HOT STEAM
Control:
Hand washing and disinfection practice
What is conjunctivitis? - ANSWER: pink eye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis - ANSWER: Red, irritated and
discomfort
No change in vision
Mucupurulent exudate
, Adhesions in the morning
Erythema
Edema of the lids
Usually starts unilateral and becomes bilateral
signs and symptoms of viral conjunctivitis - ANSWER: Can present with or without
cold symptoms, itchy, red eyes, and may have clear to no discharge
What is allergic rhinitis? - ANSWER: inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to
exposure to allergens "hay fever"
signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis - ANSWER: -Immediate and BILATERAL (both
sides) symptoms
-Itching nose, eyes, mouth
-sneezing
-congestion, dry mouth from mouth breating
-rhinorrhea
-nasal pruritis / itching - allergic salute
-dark circles, photophobia, conjuctivitis
-fatigue, irritability, malaise, cognitive impairment
Treatment of allergic rhinitis - ANSWER: antihistamine, glucocorticoids, allergen
immunotherapy such as reduction of seasonal increases of IL-4 and IgE
what is acute sinusitis - ANSWER: -Infection of the sinuses
often due to URI or allergy (Viral: 5 to 7 days, Bacterial: up to 4 weeks)
what is chronic sinusitis - ANSWER: Lasting longer then 3 weeks. A persistent
infection usually associated with allergies and nasal polyps. Usually results from
repeated episodes of acute sinusitis that results in irreversible loss of the normal
ciliated epithelium lining the sinus cavity.
signs and symptoms of sinusitis - ANSWER: 1. Increased pressure in the face/nasal
area
2. Facial headache
3. Tenderness over the sinuses
4. Post nasal drip
5. Leads to lower respiratory illness
treatment of sinusitis - ANSWER: (1) decongestants
(2) antimicrobial therapy
- recommendation is to NOT use antibiotics (usually viral and resolves w/in 2 weeks)
but if resolution does not occur, give amoxicillin
aceteminophen
fluids
rest
