PEDS HESI EXIT VERSION 4 ALL 55 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Which gross motor behaviors should the nurse assess for when conducting a health
maintenance visit for a 4-year-old client? Select all that apply.
1 Skating
2 Skipping
3 Jumping rope
4 Catching a ball
5 Hopping on one foot - ANSWER: 2, 4, 5
Gross motor behaviors the nurse would expect for a 4-year-old client include
skipping, catching a ball, and hopping on one foot. Skating and jumping rope are
expected for a 5-, not 4-year-old client.
Which statement about language development in preschoolers is correct?
1 Preschoolers find words such as "die" and "dye" confusing.
2 Preschoolers realize that words have arbitrary rather than absolute meanings.
3 Preschoolers become aware of the rules for linking words into phrases and
sentences.
4 Preschoolers accept language as a means of representing the world in a subjective
manner. - ANSWER: 1
Preschooler children find phonetically similar words such as "die" and "dye"
confusing. School-aged children realize that words have arbitrary rather than
absolute meanings. School-aged children become aware of the rules for linking
words into phrases and sentences; they also accept language as a means of
representing the world in a subjective manner.
Which data collected during a developmental assessment for a 5-year-old client
would indicate the need for further intervention?
1 Names coins correctly
2 Has a vocabulary of 1500 words
3 Ties shoe laces independently
4 Has hand dominance established - ANSWER: 2
The nurse would expect that the 5-year-old client would have a vocabulary of
2100, not 1500, words; therefore, this finding would indicate the need for further
intervention by the nurse. It is expected the that 5-year-old client will be able to
name coins correctly, tie shoe laces independently, and have established hand
dominance; therefore, this data does not indicate the need for further
intervention.
,According to Freud's theory, in what order do the stages of child development
occur?
1. Anal
2. Oral
3. Genital
4. Oedipal
5. Latency - ANSWER: 2, 1, 4, 5, 3
Freud's theory sets forth five stages of child development. The oral stage (stage 1)
spans the period from birth to 12 to 18 months. The anal stage (stage 2) occurs
between the ages of 18 months and 3 years. The Oedipal stage (stage 3) occurs
between 3 and 6 years of age. The latency stage (stage 4) occurs between the ages
of 6 and 12 years. Finally, the genital stage (stage 5) lasts from puberty through
adulthood.
Which period of Piaget's theory describes the idea of object permanence?
1 Sensorimotor period
2 Preoperational period
3 Formal operations period
4 Concrete operations period - ANSWER: 1
There are four periods of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. The first period
is the sensorimotor period; this period describes object permanence. During the
ages of birth to 2 years old, the child understands that objects continue to exist
even when they are not visible. The second period is the preoperational period,
which is observed in children between the ages of 2 and 7 years. During this time,
children learn to think about the use of symbols and have mental images. The third
period is the concrete operations period, which is observed between the ages of 7
and 11 years. During this period, the child thinks about an action before
performing it. The formal operations period is the fourth period, which is observed
in children from the ages of 11 years old throughout adulthood. During this period,
there is a prevalence of egocentric thought
A nurse is educating a group of mothers about the nutritional needs of toddlers.
Which of these statements made by a mother indicate the need for further
teaching? Select all that apply.
1 "I need to give more than 24 ounces of milk per day."
2 "I should provide more calories from fats than proteins."
3 "I should refrain from giving grapes, nuts, and raw vegetables."
4 "I should give foods rich in calcium and phosphorus for healthy bone growth."
5 "I should try to give small, frequent meals consisting of breakfast, lunch, and
dinner." - ANSWER: 1, 2
, Toddlers who consume more than 24 ounces of milk daily in place of other foods
may develop milk anemia, because milk is a poor source of iron. A toddler needs
more protein than fats in the diet. Certain foods, such as nuts, grapes, and raw
vegetables, as well as hot dogs, candy, and popcorn, have been implicated in
choking deaths and should be avoided. Calcium and phosphorus are important for
healthy bone growth. Small frequent meals consisting of breakfast, lunch, and
dinner with three interspersed high nutrient-dense snacks help improve nutritional
intake.
How many words should the nurse expect the 3-year-old child to acquire each day?
1. 2 to 3
2. 5 to 6
3. 8 to 10
4. 11 to 13 - ANSWER: 2. 5-6 words
The nurse would expect the 3-year-old toddler-age child to acquire 5 to 6 new words
each day. Two to 3 new words, 8 to 10 new words, and 11 to 13 new words are not
expected parameters for language development.
Which data should the nurse anticipate when conducting a developmental
assessment for a 5-year-old client? Select all that apply.
1 Names coins correctly
2 Has a vocabulary of 1500 words
3 Participates in parallel play
4 Ties shoe laces independently
5 Has hand dominance established - ANSWER: 1, 4, 5
When conducting a developmental assessment for a 5-year-old client, the nurse
anticipates the client to be able to name coins correctly, tie shoe laces
independently, and have established hand dominance. A vocabulary of 1500 words
would indicate a language delay; the 5-year-old client is expected to have a
vocabulary of 2100 words. Participation is associative, not parallel play, and is
expected by 5 years of age.
Which activities will the nurse suggest to the parents of a preschool-age child to
enhance fine motor skills? Select all that apply.
1 Using scissors
2 Riding a bicycle
3 Throwing a ball
4 Tying shoe laces
5 Playing with clay - ANSWER: 1, 4, 5
The nurse should suggest using scissors, tying shoe laces, and playing with clay as
activities that are appropriate for a preschool-age client to enhance fine motor skills.
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Which gross motor behaviors should the nurse assess for when conducting a health
maintenance visit for a 4-year-old client? Select all that apply.
1 Skating
2 Skipping
3 Jumping rope
4 Catching a ball
5 Hopping on one foot - ANSWER: 2, 4, 5
Gross motor behaviors the nurse would expect for a 4-year-old client include
skipping, catching a ball, and hopping on one foot. Skating and jumping rope are
expected for a 5-, not 4-year-old client.
Which statement about language development in preschoolers is correct?
1 Preschoolers find words such as "die" and "dye" confusing.
2 Preschoolers realize that words have arbitrary rather than absolute meanings.
3 Preschoolers become aware of the rules for linking words into phrases and
sentences.
4 Preschoolers accept language as a means of representing the world in a subjective
manner. - ANSWER: 1
Preschooler children find phonetically similar words such as "die" and "dye"
confusing. School-aged children realize that words have arbitrary rather than
absolute meanings. School-aged children become aware of the rules for linking
words into phrases and sentences; they also accept language as a means of
representing the world in a subjective manner.
Which data collected during a developmental assessment for a 5-year-old client
would indicate the need for further intervention?
1 Names coins correctly
2 Has a vocabulary of 1500 words
3 Ties shoe laces independently
4 Has hand dominance established - ANSWER: 2
The nurse would expect that the 5-year-old client would have a vocabulary of
2100, not 1500, words; therefore, this finding would indicate the need for further
intervention by the nurse. It is expected the that 5-year-old client will be able to
name coins correctly, tie shoe laces independently, and have established hand
dominance; therefore, this data does not indicate the need for further
intervention.
,According to Freud's theory, in what order do the stages of child development
occur?
1. Anal
2. Oral
3. Genital
4. Oedipal
5. Latency - ANSWER: 2, 1, 4, 5, 3
Freud's theory sets forth five stages of child development. The oral stage (stage 1)
spans the period from birth to 12 to 18 months. The anal stage (stage 2) occurs
between the ages of 18 months and 3 years. The Oedipal stage (stage 3) occurs
between 3 and 6 years of age. The latency stage (stage 4) occurs between the ages
of 6 and 12 years. Finally, the genital stage (stage 5) lasts from puberty through
adulthood.
Which period of Piaget's theory describes the idea of object permanence?
1 Sensorimotor period
2 Preoperational period
3 Formal operations period
4 Concrete operations period - ANSWER: 1
There are four periods of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. The first period
is the sensorimotor period; this period describes object permanence. During the
ages of birth to 2 years old, the child understands that objects continue to exist
even when they are not visible. The second period is the preoperational period,
which is observed in children between the ages of 2 and 7 years. During this time,
children learn to think about the use of symbols and have mental images. The third
period is the concrete operations period, which is observed between the ages of 7
and 11 years. During this period, the child thinks about an action before
performing it. The formal operations period is the fourth period, which is observed
in children from the ages of 11 years old throughout adulthood. During this period,
there is a prevalence of egocentric thought
A nurse is educating a group of mothers about the nutritional needs of toddlers.
Which of these statements made by a mother indicate the need for further
teaching? Select all that apply.
1 "I need to give more than 24 ounces of milk per day."
2 "I should provide more calories from fats than proteins."
3 "I should refrain from giving grapes, nuts, and raw vegetables."
4 "I should give foods rich in calcium and phosphorus for healthy bone growth."
5 "I should try to give small, frequent meals consisting of breakfast, lunch, and
dinner." - ANSWER: 1, 2
, Toddlers who consume more than 24 ounces of milk daily in place of other foods
may develop milk anemia, because milk is a poor source of iron. A toddler needs
more protein than fats in the diet. Certain foods, such as nuts, grapes, and raw
vegetables, as well as hot dogs, candy, and popcorn, have been implicated in
choking deaths and should be avoided. Calcium and phosphorus are important for
healthy bone growth. Small frequent meals consisting of breakfast, lunch, and
dinner with three interspersed high nutrient-dense snacks help improve nutritional
intake.
How many words should the nurse expect the 3-year-old child to acquire each day?
1. 2 to 3
2. 5 to 6
3. 8 to 10
4. 11 to 13 - ANSWER: 2. 5-6 words
The nurse would expect the 3-year-old toddler-age child to acquire 5 to 6 new words
each day. Two to 3 new words, 8 to 10 new words, and 11 to 13 new words are not
expected parameters for language development.
Which data should the nurse anticipate when conducting a developmental
assessment for a 5-year-old client? Select all that apply.
1 Names coins correctly
2 Has a vocabulary of 1500 words
3 Participates in parallel play
4 Ties shoe laces independently
5 Has hand dominance established - ANSWER: 1, 4, 5
When conducting a developmental assessment for a 5-year-old client, the nurse
anticipates the client to be able to name coins correctly, tie shoe laces
independently, and have established hand dominance. A vocabulary of 1500 words
would indicate a language delay; the 5-year-old client is expected to have a
vocabulary of 2100 words. Participation is associative, not parallel play, and is
expected by 5 years of age.
Which activities will the nurse suggest to the parents of a preschool-age child to
enhance fine motor skills? Select all that apply.
1 Using scissors
2 Riding a bicycle
3 Throwing a ball
4 Tying shoe laces
5 Playing with clay - ANSWER: 1, 4, 5
The nurse should suggest using scissors, tying shoe laces, and playing with clay as
activities that are appropriate for a preschool-age client to enhance fine motor skills.
