Introduction to thermodynamics

Introduction to Thermodynamics
Gamma and Specific Heat Capacity

 Gamma (γ) is the ratio of specific heats (Cp/Cv)
 Specific heat capacity (Cv and Cp) are the amount of
heat required to raise the temperature of one unit mass
of a substance by one degree Celsius at constant
volume and constant pressure, respectively
Constant Volume and Constant Pressure
Processes

 Constant volume process (isochoric) involves no change
in the system's volume
 Constant pressure process (isobaric) involves no change
in the system's pressure
Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant
Volume

 Molar specific heat capacity (cv) is the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of one mole of a
substance by one degree Celsius at constant volume
Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant
Pressure

 Molar specific heat capacity (cp) is the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of one mole of a
substance by one degree Celsius at constant pressure
Ideal Gas and Internal Energy

,  The internal energy of an ideal gas is only a function of
temperature
Independent Terms in Kinetic Energy

 The kinetic energy of a gas is the sum of the kinetic
energies of all its molecules
Internal Energy and Work Dependence

 The internal energy of a thermodynamic system changes
due to heat transfer and work done
Thermodynamic Process and Path
Independence

 In thermodynamics, a process is a transformation of a
thermodynamic system from one state to another
 Path independence refers to the fact that the change in
a state function (like internal energy) depends only on
the initial and final states, not the path taken
Heat Transfer and Work Done in
Thermodynamic Processes

 Heat transfer (Q) and work done (W) are two ways in
which energy can be transferred in a thermodynamic
process
Work Done in Thermodynamic Cycles and
PV Diagrams

 A thermodynamic cycle is a series of thermodynamic
processes that returns the system to its original state