ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
State the three main causes of lymphadenopathy. Correct Answer
Inflammation, primary neoplasia, metastasis
An anechoic, rounded, well-defined fluid collection with septations
and posterior shadowing caused by injury to a lymph vessel;
commonly associated with transplant. Correct Answer
Lymphocele
A hypoechoic or complex collection of pus between the
peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall. Correct Answer
Retroperitoneal abscess
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease) appears as a
hypoechoic bulky midline mass that surrounds what in the lumbar
region? Correct Answer Large blood vessels
What is another name for retroperitoneal fibrosis? Correct Answer
Ormond's disease
A cluster of lymph nodes anterior and posterior to the aorta or IVC
is the ______ sign? Correct Answer Sandwich
Anterior displacement of the aorta by enlarged lymph nodes
posterior to the vessel. Correct Answer Floating aorta
Retroperitoneal fibrosis can encase the ______, ______ and
______. If the ureters are affected, ______ can occur. Correct
Answer Great vessels, ureters, lymphatics, hydronephrosis
,Gastrohepatic lymphadenopathy is associated with ______.
Correct Answer Lymphoma
What is the function of lymph nodes? Correct Answer Form
antibodies to fight infection
What is the most common (malignant) retroperitoneal neoplasm?
Correct Answer Liposarcoma
What is the most common complication of retroperitoneal fibrosis?
Correct Answer Hydronephrosis
What is the most common cause of posterior pararenal fluid
collections? Correct Answer Aortic disease
Which organs are retroperitoneal? Correct Answer Adrenal
glands, aorta, IVC, duodenum, pancreas, ureters, colon, kidneys,
oesophagus, rectum
List the six scanning objectives to employ when retroperitoneal
pathology is found. Correct Answer 1. Document in 2-3 planes
2. Measure in 3 dimensions
3. Describe the characteristics of the mass
4. Describe the relationship to surrounding anatomy/mass effect
5. Identify the organ/area of origin
6. Demonstrate the blood flow and any feeding vessels
List the four main layers of the GI tract wall from internal to
external. Correct Answer Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis,
serosa
80% of gastric carcinomas are adenocarcinoma with a ______
appearance, _____vascularity and gastric wall ______. Correct
Answer Target, hyper, thickening
,Where in relation to the left liver and aorta is the
oesophagogastric junction? Correct Answer Posterior, anterior
What should the bowel wall should measure when the stomach is
not distended? Is distended? Correct Answer 2-6mm, 2-4mm
What does Crohn's disease primarily affect? What layer does
inflammation start? Correct Answer Ileum, submucosa
Describe the sonographic presentation of Crohn's disease.
Correct Answer Thickened bowel wall and surrounding
mesentery, target lesion, hypervascularity
List four clinical symptoms of Crohn's disease. Correct Answer
Cramping, weight loss, fever, diarrhoea, blood in stool, decreased
appetite
Failure of the intestine to propel its contents due to diminished
motility. Correct Answer Ileus
Define intussusception. Correct Answer Telescoping of one part
of the intestine into the lumen of an adjacent part
Echogenic mass seen in the midline. In the transverse plane
appears as multiple concentric rings. Correct Answer
Intussusception
Intussusception is more common in ______. When it occurs in
______ it's almost always due to a bowel ______. Correct Answer
Children, adults, lesion
Abnormal twisting of the intestines appearing as a dilated c-
shaped loop containing only fluid, no air. Correct Answer
Volvulus
, Describe the sonographic findings of acute appendicitis, including
diameter and wall thickness measurements. Correct Answer
Noncompressible, hypervascular, target shaped lesion,
calcification often present, >6mm diameter, >2mm wall thickness
Rebound tenderness and pain located over the appendix is
referred to as? Correct Answer Positive McBurney's sign
Describe the clinical presentation of appendicitis. Correct Answer
Fever, nausea, vomiting, leukocytosis, RLQ pain, positive
McBurney's sign
Give four obstructive aetiologies of appendicitis. Correct Answer
Fecal material, foreign bodies, carcinoma, stenosis, inflammation,
kinking
List the complications of appendicitis. Correct Answer Abscess
formation, rupture, peritonitis
Describe the sonographic findings of bowel obstruction. Correct
Answer Multiple dilated fluid-filled bowel loops, markedly
increased peristalsis
Where do the majority of colon cancers occur? Correct Answer
Rectum and rectosigmoid colon
What is the normal splenic length, width and thickness (AP)
measurements. Correct Answer 10-12cm, 7cm, 3-4cm
What is the most common aetiology of splenic abscess? Correct
Answer Infective endocarditis
Most common benign splenic and hepatic neoplasm; consist of
large blood-filled cystic spaces; appears well-defined with
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
State the three main causes of lymphadenopathy. Correct Answer
Inflammation, primary neoplasia, metastasis
An anechoic, rounded, well-defined fluid collection with septations
and posterior shadowing caused by injury to a lymph vessel;
commonly associated with transplant. Correct Answer
Lymphocele
A hypoechoic or complex collection of pus between the
peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall. Correct Answer
Retroperitoneal abscess
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease) appears as a
hypoechoic bulky midline mass that surrounds what in the lumbar
region? Correct Answer Large blood vessels
What is another name for retroperitoneal fibrosis? Correct Answer
Ormond's disease
A cluster of lymph nodes anterior and posterior to the aorta or IVC
is the ______ sign? Correct Answer Sandwich
Anterior displacement of the aorta by enlarged lymph nodes
posterior to the vessel. Correct Answer Floating aorta
Retroperitoneal fibrosis can encase the ______, ______ and
______. If the ureters are affected, ______ can occur. Correct
Answer Great vessels, ureters, lymphatics, hydronephrosis
,Gastrohepatic lymphadenopathy is associated with ______.
Correct Answer Lymphoma
What is the function of lymph nodes? Correct Answer Form
antibodies to fight infection
What is the most common (malignant) retroperitoneal neoplasm?
Correct Answer Liposarcoma
What is the most common complication of retroperitoneal fibrosis?
Correct Answer Hydronephrosis
What is the most common cause of posterior pararenal fluid
collections? Correct Answer Aortic disease
Which organs are retroperitoneal? Correct Answer Adrenal
glands, aorta, IVC, duodenum, pancreas, ureters, colon, kidneys,
oesophagus, rectum
List the six scanning objectives to employ when retroperitoneal
pathology is found. Correct Answer 1. Document in 2-3 planes
2. Measure in 3 dimensions
3. Describe the characteristics of the mass
4. Describe the relationship to surrounding anatomy/mass effect
5. Identify the organ/area of origin
6. Demonstrate the blood flow and any feeding vessels
List the four main layers of the GI tract wall from internal to
external. Correct Answer Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis,
serosa
80% of gastric carcinomas are adenocarcinoma with a ______
appearance, _____vascularity and gastric wall ______. Correct
Answer Target, hyper, thickening
,Where in relation to the left liver and aorta is the
oesophagogastric junction? Correct Answer Posterior, anterior
What should the bowel wall should measure when the stomach is
not distended? Is distended? Correct Answer 2-6mm, 2-4mm
What does Crohn's disease primarily affect? What layer does
inflammation start? Correct Answer Ileum, submucosa
Describe the sonographic presentation of Crohn's disease.
Correct Answer Thickened bowel wall and surrounding
mesentery, target lesion, hypervascularity
List four clinical symptoms of Crohn's disease. Correct Answer
Cramping, weight loss, fever, diarrhoea, blood in stool, decreased
appetite
Failure of the intestine to propel its contents due to diminished
motility. Correct Answer Ileus
Define intussusception. Correct Answer Telescoping of one part
of the intestine into the lumen of an adjacent part
Echogenic mass seen in the midline. In the transverse plane
appears as multiple concentric rings. Correct Answer
Intussusception
Intussusception is more common in ______. When it occurs in
______ it's almost always due to a bowel ______. Correct Answer
Children, adults, lesion
Abnormal twisting of the intestines appearing as a dilated c-
shaped loop containing only fluid, no air. Correct Answer
Volvulus
, Describe the sonographic findings of acute appendicitis, including
diameter and wall thickness measurements. Correct Answer
Noncompressible, hypervascular, target shaped lesion,
calcification often present, >6mm diameter, >2mm wall thickness
Rebound tenderness and pain located over the appendix is
referred to as? Correct Answer Positive McBurney's sign
Describe the clinical presentation of appendicitis. Correct Answer
Fever, nausea, vomiting, leukocytosis, RLQ pain, positive
McBurney's sign
Give four obstructive aetiologies of appendicitis. Correct Answer
Fecal material, foreign bodies, carcinoma, stenosis, inflammation,
kinking
List the complications of appendicitis. Correct Answer Abscess
formation, rupture, peritonitis
Describe the sonographic findings of bowel obstruction. Correct
Answer Multiple dilated fluid-filled bowel loops, markedly
increased peristalsis
Where do the majority of colon cancers occur? Correct Answer
Rectum and rectosigmoid colon
What is the normal splenic length, width and thickness (AP)
measurements. Correct Answer 10-12cm, 7cm, 3-4cm
What is the most common aetiology of splenic abscess? Correct
Answer Infective endocarditis
Most common benign splenic and hepatic neoplasm; consist of
large blood-filled cystic spaces; appears well-defined with
