FETAL ECHO ARDMS EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS RATED A+ LATEST UPDATE
What is the main difference between the fetal esophagus and
trachea? Correct Answer Fetal esophagus diameter can change,
whereas the tracheal diameter remains consistent.
What are the relative degree ranges for levocardia? Correct
Answer 45 degress +/- 20 degrees, so 25-65 degrees
What is the most leftward structure in the fetal heart? Correct
Answer MPA
Which vessel courses superior to the left bronchus? Correct
Answer LPA
Explain how the mitral E/A ratio behaves with advancing
pregnancy. Correct Answer The mitral E/A ratio increases with
advancing pregnancy.
Which node functions as the pacemaker of the heart? Correct
Answer Sinoatrial node
What is the normal range for the E/A ratio? Correct Answer 0.5-
1.0
What is the normal fetal heart rate in the second trimester?
Correct Answer 100-180bpm
Where does fetal gas exchange take place? Correct Answer The
placenta
, Normal fetal circulation operates in parallel Correct Answer
What is the normal pulsatility index of the PDA? Correct Answer
1.9-3.0
What enzyme is released by the neonatal lungs stimulating the
closure of the PDA? Correct Answer Bradykinin
Which ventricle ejects most of fetal cardiac output? Correct
Answer RV
What is the 02 sat in the umbilical vein? Correct Answer 80-90%
What happens to cardiac output as gestational age increases?
Correct Answer It increases
What is the placental 02 sat after blood has circulated through the
fetus and back to the placenta? Correct Answer 58%
What two structures become the definitive aorta? Correct Answer
Fourth left aortic arch and common dorsal aorta
When does the fetal heart begin to beat? Correct Answer 21-28
days
What structure is the last to form embryologically in the fetal
heart? Correct Answer The semilunar valves
By what week is a fully septated heart achieved? Correct Answer
8
What syndromes are caused by midline development field
defects? Correct Answer Polysplenia, Asplenia, Ivemark, Right
atrial isomerism
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS RATED A+ LATEST UPDATE
What is the main difference between the fetal esophagus and
trachea? Correct Answer Fetal esophagus diameter can change,
whereas the tracheal diameter remains consistent.
What are the relative degree ranges for levocardia? Correct
Answer 45 degress +/- 20 degrees, so 25-65 degrees
What is the most leftward structure in the fetal heart? Correct
Answer MPA
Which vessel courses superior to the left bronchus? Correct
Answer LPA
Explain how the mitral E/A ratio behaves with advancing
pregnancy. Correct Answer The mitral E/A ratio increases with
advancing pregnancy.
Which node functions as the pacemaker of the heart? Correct
Answer Sinoatrial node
What is the normal range for the E/A ratio? Correct Answer 0.5-
1.0
What is the normal fetal heart rate in the second trimester?
Correct Answer 100-180bpm
Where does fetal gas exchange take place? Correct Answer The
placenta
, Normal fetal circulation operates in parallel Correct Answer
What is the normal pulsatility index of the PDA? Correct Answer
1.9-3.0
What enzyme is released by the neonatal lungs stimulating the
closure of the PDA? Correct Answer Bradykinin
Which ventricle ejects most of fetal cardiac output? Correct
Answer RV
What is the 02 sat in the umbilical vein? Correct Answer 80-90%
What happens to cardiac output as gestational age increases?
Correct Answer It increases
What is the placental 02 sat after blood has circulated through the
fetus and back to the placenta? Correct Answer 58%
What two structures become the definitive aorta? Correct Answer
Fourth left aortic arch and common dorsal aorta
When does the fetal heart begin to beat? Correct Answer 21-28
days
What structure is the last to form embryologically in the fetal
heart? Correct Answer The semilunar valves
By what week is a fully septated heart achieved? Correct Answer
8
What syndromes are caused by midline development field
defects? Correct Answer Polysplenia, Asplenia, Ivemark, Right
atrial isomerism
