BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
Study Questions and Answers Graded A
2024
Life History -Correct Answer ✔Pattern of how organisms allocate time and energy
among the various activities throughout its life that affect survival, maturation, and
reproduction
Life History Traits -Correct Answer ✔Longevity, growth rate, age at sexual maturation,
age at first reproduction, number of reproductive bouts per lifetime, number of offspring
per reproductive bout
Ecdysis -Correct Answer ✔periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer
skin in reptiles (cicadas in lecture example)
Subimago -Correct Answer ✔A life stage of certain insects that is NOT sexually mature,
comes before the imago stage.
Imago -Correct Answer ✔Sexually mature version certain insects molt into after the
subimago stage; Imagos don't have well-developed mouthparts, so their main goal is to
breed before they die.
Iteroparous -Correct Answer ✔Species that reproduce multiple times during their lives
(ex: humans, dogs, frogs, etc)
Semelparous -Correct Answer ✔Species that reproduce only once in their life, but may
produce MANY offspring during that one time (ex: mayflies, tussock moths)
BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
,BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
Iteroparity -Correct Answer ✔A survivorship pattern related to reproductive patterns;
often typical of organisms whose survival chances increase once they reach maturity
(type 1 or 2 survivorship, but iteroparous organisms may have type 3 survivorship curves
as well)
Semelparity -Correct Answer ✔A survivorship pattern related to reproductive patterns;
often typical of organisms with type 3 survivorship (high early life stage mortality),
including many fish, insects, all annual plants, etc
Phylogeny -Correct Answer ✔a synonym for 'evolutionary tree,' a hypothesized diagram
showing the history of divergence and change from single ancestral lineage to its
descendants,
Parsimony -Correct Answer ✔used when constructing evolutionary trees; choice among
alternatives that require fewest number of evolutionary changes; the least complex
explanation to explain data. Also explains relationships among organisms: similarities
and differences (appearance, function, DNA, proteins), tips of branches (different
species), and common ancestors (branch points)
Homologous characters -Correct Answer ✔those that are similar in different organisms
because they were derived from a common ancestor. Ex: vertebrate forelimbs
Analogous characters -Correct Answer ✔traits that serve a similar function but have
separate evolutionary origins, a result of convergent evolution. Ex: bird and bat wings.
Convergent evolution -Correct Answer ✔similarity between species in certain traits that
is caused by similar, but evolutionary independent, responses to common environmental
problems.
BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
, BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
Homoplasy -Correct Answer ✔similarity in the characters found in different species NOT
inherited from a common ancestor. Ex: cacti and euphorbs
Parallel evolution -Correct Answer ✔similar phenotypes arise form similar
developmental origins in different species. Ex: attachment organs in larval stages of blind
cave fish
Taxon (taxa) -Correct Answer ✔any group of species that we designate or name (like
vertebrates)
Clade -Correct Answer ✔a taxon that consists of all the descendants of a common
ancestor
Vertebrate clade -Correct Answer ✔having an embryo that develops within an amnion
(an adaptation to laying eggs on land) includes reptiles, birds, and mammals
General events leading to speciation -Correct Answer ✔populations become isolated
physically, beahviorally, etc; populations diverging in 1+ traits (mating behavior, etc);
reproductive isolation
Why do rates of speciation vary? -Correct Answer ✔habitat specialization, diet
specialization, changes in ploidy
Ploidy -Correct Answer ✔an organism doubling their own chromosome number or being
fertilized by another species and then doubling chromosome number
2 commonly recognized modes of speciation -Correct Answer ✔Allopatric and Sympatric
BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
Study Questions and Answers Graded A
2024
Life History -Correct Answer ✔Pattern of how organisms allocate time and energy
among the various activities throughout its life that affect survival, maturation, and
reproduction
Life History Traits -Correct Answer ✔Longevity, growth rate, age at sexual maturation,
age at first reproduction, number of reproductive bouts per lifetime, number of offspring
per reproductive bout
Ecdysis -Correct Answer ✔periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer
skin in reptiles (cicadas in lecture example)
Subimago -Correct Answer ✔A life stage of certain insects that is NOT sexually mature,
comes before the imago stage.
Imago -Correct Answer ✔Sexually mature version certain insects molt into after the
subimago stage; Imagos don't have well-developed mouthparts, so their main goal is to
breed before they die.
Iteroparous -Correct Answer ✔Species that reproduce multiple times during their lives
(ex: humans, dogs, frogs, etc)
Semelparous -Correct Answer ✔Species that reproduce only once in their life, but may
produce MANY offspring during that one time (ex: mayflies, tussock moths)
BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
,BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
Iteroparity -Correct Answer ✔A survivorship pattern related to reproductive patterns;
often typical of organisms whose survival chances increase once they reach maturity
(type 1 or 2 survivorship, but iteroparous organisms may have type 3 survivorship curves
as well)
Semelparity -Correct Answer ✔A survivorship pattern related to reproductive patterns;
often typical of organisms with type 3 survivorship (high early life stage mortality),
including many fish, insects, all annual plants, etc
Phylogeny -Correct Answer ✔a synonym for 'evolutionary tree,' a hypothesized diagram
showing the history of divergence and change from single ancestral lineage to its
descendants,
Parsimony -Correct Answer ✔used when constructing evolutionary trees; choice among
alternatives that require fewest number of evolutionary changes; the least complex
explanation to explain data. Also explains relationships among organisms: similarities
and differences (appearance, function, DNA, proteins), tips of branches (different
species), and common ancestors (branch points)
Homologous characters -Correct Answer ✔those that are similar in different organisms
because they were derived from a common ancestor. Ex: vertebrate forelimbs
Analogous characters -Correct Answer ✔traits that serve a similar function but have
separate evolutionary origins, a result of convergent evolution. Ex: bird and bat wings.
Convergent evolution -Correct Answer ✔similarity between species in certain traits that
is caused by similar, but evolutionary independent, responses to common environmental
problems.
BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
, BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
Homoplasy -Correct Answer ✔similarity in the characters found in different species NOT
inherited from a common ancestor. Ex: cacti and euphorbs
Parallel evolution -Correct Answer ✔similar phenotypes arise form similar
developmental origins in different species. Ex: attachment organs in larval stages of blind
cave fish
Taxon (taxa) -Correct Answer ✔any group of species that we designate or name (like
vertebrates)
Clade -Correct Answer ✔a taxon that consists of all the descendants of a common
ancestor
Vertebrate clade -Correct Answer ✔having an embryo that develops within an amnion
(an adaptation to laying eggs on land) includes reptiles, birds, and mammals
General events leading to speciation -Correct Answer ✔populations become isolated
physically, beahviorally, etc; populations diverging in 1+ traits (mating behavior, etc);
reproductive isolation
Why do rates of speciation vary? -Correct Answer ✔habitat specialization, diet
specialization, changes in ploidy
Ploidy -Correct Answer ✔an organism doubling their own chromosome number or being
fertilized by another species and then doubling chromosome number
2 commonly recognized modes of speciation -Correct Answer ✔Allopatric and Sympatric
BIO286 EXAM 2 VOCAB - Spring 2024
