CCRN; Pediatrics Review Questions with Complete Solutions Rated A+

CCRN; Pediatrics Review Questions with Complete Solutions Rated A+ Normal V/Q - Answers 0.8 Normal SVO2 - Answers 65-75% Type I alveolar cells - Answers gas exchange Type II alveolar cells - Answers surfactant When to treat methemoglobinemia - Answers levels 20-25% Diaphragm Innervation - Answers phrenic nerve (C3-C5) Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) - Answers Volume remaining after normal expiration Residual Volume - Answers Volume remaining after forced/maximal expiration Pulmonary Hypertension - Answers Mean PA pressure of 25+ Aldosterone - Answers Increased sodium reabsorption, increased secretion of K and hydrogen Pancreatic Amylase - Answers Breaks down starch Pancreatic lipase - Answers breaks down fat Pancreatic alpha cells - Answers secrete glucagon Pancreatic beta cella - Answers Secrete insulin Pancreatic delta cells - Answers Secrete somatostatin, gastrin Osmolality formula - Answers (2xNa) + (BUN/2.8) + (Glucose/18) Normal blood osmolality - Answers 280 Normal urine osmolality - Answers 300 ADH - Answers Water retention, urine concentration, less UOP Counter regulatory hormones - Answers Epinephrine, Glucagon, Glucocorticoids, Growth hormone (EGGG) Anion gap in metabolic acidosis - Answers 14 afferent arteriole - Answers carries blood to the glomerulus (arriving to) efferent arteriole - Answers carries blood away from the glomerulus (exiting) Flow of kidney - Answers 1. Bowman's capsule 2. Proximal convoluted tubule 3. Descending limb 4. Loop of Henle 5. Ascending limb 6.Distal convoluted tubule (BPD, LAD) Phosphate normal - Answers 2.5-4.5 3.5-6.5 (kids 5yrs) Magnesium - Answers 1.8-2.3 Labs to indicate renal failure - Answers BUN 80 Creatinine 1.5 Lytes that increase in renal failure - Answers Potassium Urea Magnesium Phosphorus (PUMP) Bands - Answers Immature WBCs normal 10% ANC - Answers Normal 1000 mod. infection risk 500 severe infection risk Eosinophils - Answers allergic reactions and parasitic infections Basophils - Answers Allergic reactions, least common Monocytes - Answers Largest, big infections Lymphocytes - Answers Viral illness, memory cells Platelets - Answers normal 150,000-400,000 50,000 bruising risk 25,000 bleeding risk PT - Answers 12-15sec INR - Answers Normal 1 Usually want ~1.2 if trying to get anticoagulated aPTT - Answers 25-40sec Thrombin time - Answers 10-15sec Fibrogen - Answers 200-400 D-Dimer - Answers 0.5 DIC indicator DIC labs - Answers Increased PTT/PTT Decreased platelets Increased D-dimer Decreased fibrinogen ITP labs - Answers Decreased platelets Normal PT/PTT Hemophilia A (Classic) - Answers Lack of Factor VIII Hemophilia B (Christmas) - Answers Lack of Factor IX Excreted in tumor lysis syndrome - Answers Phosphate Urea K+ (PUK) Contained in gastric secretions - Answers Hydrochloric acid KCl NaCl Duodenum - Answers Absorbs iron, trace metals, water soluble vitamins Jejunum - Answers Absorbs proteins, carbs, H2O, lytes Ileum - Answers Absorbs bile salts, vitamin B12 Hematochezia - Answers bright red bloody stools Lactulose - Answers Increased ammonia secretion (via stool) Neomycin - Answers Antibiotic used in liver failure, decreases ammonia production Cholestyramine - Answers Removes bile salts, helps with itching in liver failure Cullen's sign - Answers bruising in the skin around the umbilicus, indicates bleeding in abd. Turner's sign - Answers bruising of the flanks, indicates bleeding in abd. Kehr's sign - Answers LUQ pain radiating to left shoulder, indicates spleen injury Normal AST - Answers 40 Normal ALT - Answers 35 Normal amylase - Answers 23-85 Normal lipase - Answers 200 GER diagnosis - Answers pH 4 for 15 seconds or more (with pH probe) Cardiac output - Answers HR x SV Normal systolic BP - Answers 70+(age x2) Meds that prolong QT - Answers Benedryl TCAs Zofran Amiodarone Procainamide Waterhammer pulse - Answers Pulse strong then collaspe, low diastolic. Seen with PDA Low dose Dopamine - Answers 5mcg/kg/min increases renal fxn Mod dose Dopamine - Answers 5-10mcg/kg/min Beta-1 High dose Dopamine - Answers 10-15mcg/kg/min Beta-1 Alpha-1 Ca Channel blockers - Answers Verapamil K Channel blockers - Answers Amiodarone Na Channel blockers - Answers Procainamide Lidocaine PAWP - Answers LVEDP Normal ~4-10 Diet with chylothorax - Answers Fat free with medium chain triglycerides Enfaport Cushing's Reflex - Answers Wided pulse pressure Bradycardia Apnea (indicates increased ICP) Increased ICP - Answers Sustained 15 Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - Answers MAP-ICP Normal 40-60 Battle's sign - Answers Bruising/swelling behind ears, indicative of basilar skull fracture Raccoon Sign - Answers Periorbital blood collection, indicative of basilar skull fracture Bones involved in basilar skull fracture - Answers Temporal Occipital Ethmoid