PHYSICS ( 1 ST YEAR ) IIT MATERIAL
1. PHYSICAL WORLD
2. UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS
3. MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
4. MOTION IN A PLANE
5. LAWS OF MOTION
6. WORK , ENERGY AND POWER
7. SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION
8. OSCILLATIONS
9. GRAVITATION
10. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
11. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
12. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
13. THERMODYNAMICS
14. KINETIC THEORY
, 1. PHYSICAL WORLD
2. UNITS & MEASUREMENTS
Physical Quantity:
Any quantity which can be measured directly (or) indirectly (or) interms of which the laws of physics can
be expressed is called physical quantity.
There are two types of physical quantities
1) Fundamental quantities2) Derived quantities
Fundamental Quantities: Physical quantities which cannot be expressed interms of any other physical
quantities are called fundamental physical quantities.
Ex. length, mass, time, temperature etc..
Derived Quantities: Physical Quantities which are derived from fundamental quantities are called
derived quantities.
Ex. Area, density, force etc...
Unit of physical qantity:
A unit of measurement of a physical quantity is the standard reference of the same physical quantity
which is used for comparison of the given physical quantity.
Fundamental unit :The unit used to measure the fundamental quantity is called fundamental unit.
Ex: metre for length, kilogram for mass etc..
Derived unit : The unit used to measure the derived quantity is called derived unit.
Ex: m2 for area, gm cm-3 for density etc...
The numerical value obtained on measuring a physical quantity is inversely proportional to the magnitude
of the unit chosen.
1
n nU = constant
U
n1U n2U
1 2
Where n1 and n2 are the numerical values and U1 and U 2 are the units of same physical quantity in different
systems.
System of units
There are four systems of units
1) F.P.S 2) C.G.S
3) M.K.S 4) SI
Based on SI system there are three categories of
physical quantities.
1)fundamental quantities
2)supplementary quantities and
3)derived quantities
Fundamental Quantities and their SI Units
There are seven fundamental quantities and two supplementary quantities in S. I. system. These
quantities along with their unit and symbols are given below:
,S.No Physical Quantity SI unit Symbol
1. Length metre m
2. Mass kilogram kg
3. Time second s
4. Thermo dynamic
temperature kelvin K (or)
5. Luminous
intensity candela Cd
6. Electric current ampere A
7. Amount of
substance
(or) quantity of
matter mole mol
Supplementary quantities
1. Plane angle radian rad
2. Solid angle steradian sr
Measurement of length
The length of an object can be measured by using different units. Some particle units of length
are
angstrom( Ao )=10 10 m=108 cm
nanometre(nm) 109 m 10 A0
fermi 10 15 m
micron 10 6 m
X-ray unit 10 13 m
1 A.U. = distance between sun & earth = 1.496×1011 m
One light year is the distance travelled by light in one year in vacuum . This unit is used in astronomy.
Light year 9.46 1015 m
parsec 3.26 light years 30.84 1015 m
Bohr radius 0.5 10 10 m
Mile=1.6 km
Measurement of mass:
The mass of an object can be measured by using different units.Some practical units of mass are
Quintal = 100 kg Metric ton = 1000 kg
Atomic mass unit (a.m.u) = 1.67 10 27 kg
Measurement of time:
One day = 86400 second
Shake 108 second
, Abbreviations for multiples and sub multiples:
MACRO Prefixes
MultiplierSymbol Prefix
101 da Deca
2
10 h Hecto
3
10 k Kilo
106 M Mega
9
10 G Giga
12
10 T Tera
1015 P Peta
1018 E Exa
10 21 Z Zetta
10 24 Y Yotta
MICRO Prefixes
MultiplierSymbol Prefix
10-1 d deci
-2
10 c centi
10-3 m milli
10 -6 micro
-9
10 n nano
10-12 p pico
-15
10 f femto
-18
10 a atto
-21
10 z zepto
10-24 y yocto
Some important conversions:
5
1kmph ms 1
18
1 newton=105 dyne
1 joule=107 erg
1 calorie=4.18 J
1eV= 1.6 1019 J
1gcm 3 1000kgm 3
1 lit=1000cm3 103 m3
1KWH 36 105 J
1 HP=746 W
1 degree=0.017 rad
1cal g 1 4180JKg 1
1kgwt= 9.8 N
1 telsa=10 4 gauss
1Am 1 4 103 oersted
1 weber=108 maxwell
1. PHYSICAL WORLD
2. UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS
3. MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
4. MOTION IN A PLANE
5. LAWS OF MOTION
6. WORK , ENERGY AND POWER
7. SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION
8. OSCILLATIONS
9. GRAVITATION
10. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
11. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
12. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
13. THERMODYNAMICS
14. KINETIC THEORY
, 1. PHYSICAL WORLD
2. UNITS & MEASUREMENTS
Physical Quantity:
Any quantity which can be measured directly (or) indirectly (or) interms of which the laws of physics can
be expressed is called physical quantity.
There are two types of physical quantities
1) Fundamental quantities2) Derived quantities
Fundamental Quantities: Physical quantities which cannot be expressed interms of any other physical
quantities are called fundamental physical quantities.
Ex. length, mass, time, temperature etc..
Derived Quantities: Physical Quantities which are derived from fundamental quantities are called
derived quantities.
Ex. Area, density, force etc...
Unit of physical qantity:
A unit of measurement of a physical quantity is the standard reference of the same physical quantity
which is used for comparison of the given physical quantity.
Fundamental unit :The unit used to measure the fundamental quantity is called fundamental unit.
Ex: metre for length, kilogram for mass etc..
Derived unit : The unit used to measure the derived quantity is called derived unit.
Ex: m2 for area, gm cm-3 for density etc...
The numerical value obtained on measuring a physical quantity is inversely proportional to the magnitude
of the unit chosen.
1
n nU = constant
U
n1U n2U
1 2
Where n1 and n2 are the numerical values and U1 and U 2 are the units of same physical quantity in different
systems.
System of units
There are four systems of units
1) F.P.S 2) C.G.S
3) M.K.S 4) SI
Based on SI system there are three categories of
physical quantities.
1)fundamental quantities
2)supplementary quantities and
3)derived quantities
Fundamental Quantities and their SI Units
There are seven fundamental quantities and two supplementary quantities in S. I. system. These
quantities along with their unit and symbols are given below:
,S.No Physical Quantity SI unit Symbol
1. Length metre m
2. Mass kilogram kg
3. Time second s
4. Thermo dynamic
temperature kelvin K (or)
5. Luminous
intensity candela Cd
6. Electric current ampere A
7. Amount of
substance
(or) quantity of
matter mole mol
Supplementary quantities
1. Plane angle radian rad
2. Solid angle steradian sr
Measurement of length
The length of an object can be measured by using different units. Some particle units of length
are
angstrom( Ao )=10 10 m=108 cm
nanometre(nm) 109 m 10 A0
fermi 10 15 m
micron 10 6 m
X-ray unit 10 13 m
1 A.U. = distance between sun & earth = 1.496×1011 m
One light year is the distance travelled by light in one year in vacuum . This unit is used in astronomy.
Light year 9.46 1015 m
parsec 3.26 light years 30.84 1015 m
Bohr radius 0.5 10 10 m
Mile=1.6 km
Measurement of mass:
The mass of an object can be measured by using different units.Some practical units of mass are
Quintal = 100 kg Metric ton = 1000 kg
Atomic mass unit (a.m.u) = 1.67 10 27 kg
Measurement of time:
One day = 86400 second
Shake 108 second
, Abbreviations for multiples and sub multiples:
MACRO Prefixes
MultiplierSymbol Prefix
101 da Deca
2
10 h Hecto
3
10 k Kilo
106 M Mega
9
10 G Giga
12
10 T Tera
1015 P Peta
1018 E Exa
10 21 Z Zetta
10 24 Y Yotta
MICRO Prefixes
MultiplierSymbol Prefix
10-1 d deci
-2
10 c centi
10-3 m milli
10 -6 micro
-9
10 n nano
10-12 p pico
-15
10 f femto
-18
10 a atto
-21
10 z zepto
10-24 y yocto
Some important conversions:
5
1kmph ms 1
18
1 newton=105 dyne
1 joule=107 erg
1 calorie=4.18 J
1eV= 1.6 1019 J
1gcm 3 1000kgm 3
1 lit=1000cm3 103 m3
1KWH 36 105 J
1 HP=746 W
1 degree=0.017 rad
1cal g 1 4180JKg 1
1kgwt= 9.8 N
1 telsa=10 4 gauss
1Am 1 4 103 oersted
1 weber=108 maxwell
