A&P UTA EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
What is the function of pyramidal system? - Answer- voluntary motor activity
Which tract includes the medial pathway that controls involuntary movements of the
head, neck, and arm position in response to sudden visual and auditory stimuli? -
Answer- tectospinal tract
Which spinal tract unconsciously maintains balance and muscle tone? - Answer-
vestibulospinal; medial pathway
What does the cerebellum adjust motor activity in response to? - Answer- - visual info
- equilibrium related sensations
- input from motor cortex
- input from proprioceptors
(NOT: touch sensations)
What is the function of basal nuclei? - Answer- - provide background
- patterns of movement involved in voluntary motor activities
After pre-ganglionic fibers leave the CNS, where do they synapse? - Answer- ganglionic
neurons
What is a visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS called? - Answer-
pre-ganglionic neuron
What is the function of autonomic efferents? - Answer- involuntary control
What are the characteristics of post-ganglionic axons? - Answer- Unmyelinated
What happens to the body during sympathetic activation? - Answer- elevated heart rate,
elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, sweating
What do pre-ganglionic fibers that innervate that collateral ganglia form? - Answer-
splanchnic nerve
Which cavity do collateral ganglia innervate? - Answer- abdominopelvic
What are the sympathetic nerves comprised of? Splanchnic nerves? - Answer-
Sympathetic - contain short pre fibers and longer post fibers
Splanchnic - pre-ganglionic fibers that inervate viscera or internal organs
, Where does 75% of all parasympathetic outflow travel? - Answer- vagus
How does sympathetic innervation enter the urinary bladder? (which ganglion) -
Answer- intramural ganglia
Where do post-ganglionic fibers that innervates targets in the body wall or thoracic
cavity originate? - Answer- sympathetic chain ganglia
What are clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the
abdominopelvic region? (which ganglia?) - Answer- collateral ganglia
What is the function of ganglionic neurons in the suprarenal gland? - Answer- - release
neurotransmitters into the bloodstream
- secrete epinepherine and norepinepherne
What nerves innervate the intramural ganglia in the digestive, urinary, and reproductive
organs? - Answer- pelvic nerves
What happens when alpha-1 adrenergic receptors are stimulated by norepinephrine? -
Answer- arteries constrict
What happens when beta receptors on heart muscle cells are stimulated? - Answer-
increased heart rate and force of contraction
Which division has post-ganglionic axons that only uses acetylcholine as a
neurotransmitter - parasympathetic or sympathetic? - Answer- parasympathetic
What are the functions of parasympathetic division? - Answer- - decrease rate of
cardiac contraction
- constriction of pupils
- simulation of pupils
- defacation
Which division have ganglia near or within the end organ, parasympathetic or
sympathetic? - Answer- parasympathetic
Which nerve provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structures in the
neck and thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? - Answer- vagus nerves
What is the function of nicotinic receptors? How do they function? - Answer- open
chemically gated sodium ion channels; excitation of neuron, entry of sodium ions,
depolarization
What happens when nicotinic receptors are exposed to acetylcholine? - Answer-
excitation of neuron, entry of sodium ions, depolarization
ANSWERS GRADED A+
What is the function of pyramidal system? - Answer- voluntary motor activity
Which tract includes the medial pathway that controls involuntary movements of the
head, neck, and arm position in response to sudden visual and auditory stimuli? -
Answer- tectospinal tract
Which spinal tract unconsciously maintains balance and muscle tone? - Answer-
vestibulospinal; medial pathway
What does the cerebellum adjust motor activity in response to? - Answer- - visual info
- equilibrium related sensations
- input from motor cortex
- input from proprioceptors
(NOT: touch sensations)
What is the function of basal nuclei? - Answer- - provide background
- patterns of movement involved in voluntary motor activities
After pre-ganglionic fibers leave the CNS, where do they synapse? - Answer- ganglionic
neurons
What is a visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS called? - Answer-
pre-ganglionic neuron
What is the function of autonomic efferents? - Answer- involuntary control
What are the characteristics of post-ganglionic axons? - Answer- Unmyelinated
What happens to the body during sympathetic activation? - Answer- elevated heart rate,
elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, sweating
What do pre-ganglionic fibers that innervate that collateral ganglia form? - Answer-
splanchnic nerve
Which cavity do collateral ganglia innervate? - Answer- abdominopelvic
What are the sympathetic nerves comprised of? Splanchnic nerves? - Answer-
Sympathetic - contain short pre fibers and longer post fibers
Splanchnic - pre-ganglionic fibers that inervate viscera or internal organs
, Where does 75% of all parasympathetic outflow travel? - Answer- vagus
How does sympathetic innervation enter the urinary bladder? (which ganglion) -
Answer- intramural ganglia
Where do post-ganglionic fibers that innervates targets in the body wall or thoracic
cavity originate? - Answer- sympathetic chain ganglia
What are clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the
abdominopelvic region? (which ganglia?) - Answer- collateral ganglia
What is the function of ganglionic neurons in the suprarenal gland? - Answer- - release
neurotransmitters into the bloodstream
- secrete epinepherine and norepinepherne
What nerves innervate the intramural ganglia in the digestive, urinary, and reproductive
organs? - Answer- pelvic nerves
What happens when alpha-1 adrenergic receptors are stimulated by norepinephrine? -
Answer- arteries constrict
What happens when beta receptors on heart muscle cells are stimulated? - Answer-
increased heart rate and force of contraction
Which division has post-ganglionic axons that only uses acetylcholine as a
neurotransmitter - parasympathetic or sympathetic? - Answer- parasympathetic
What are the functions of parasympathetic division? - Answer- - decrease rate of
cardiac contraction
- constriction of pupils
- simulation of pupils
- defacation
Which division have ganglia near or within the end organ, parasympathetic or
sympathetic? - Answer- parasympathetic
Which nerve provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structures in the
neck and thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? - Answer- vagus nerves
What is the function of nicotinic receptors? How do they function? - Answer- open
chemically gated sodium ion channels; excitation of neuron, entry of sodium ions,
depolarization
What happens when nicotinic receptors are exposed to acetylcholine? - Answer-
excitation of neuron, entry of sodium ions, depolarization
