Basic Principles of Radiology, Radiation Biology, Radiation Protection,
Fil & Digital Imaging
1. Who discovered the x-ray?: Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895
2. What are the 2 general uses of x-rays?: 1. Diagnostic
2. Therapeutic
3. Who performed the first dental radiograph?: Dr. Otto Walkoff.
4. Atomic # = .: # protons.
5. Mass # = .: # protons + neutrons.
6. An atom is composed of + .: electrons and
nucleus (protons + neutrons).
7. Where are electrons found within an atom?: orbiting outside the nucleus.
8. How are electrons kept in their orbits?: Balance between 2 opposing forces: electrostatic force (binding energy)
and centrifugal force.
9. electrostatic force and
centrifugal force are in magnitude, and
in direction.: equal.
opposite.
10. Attraction between positive protons and negative electrons is called
.: Electrostatic force.
11.Electrons closer to nucleus (in the K-shell) have electro-
static force.: Greater.
**attraction causes the negative electrons to be pulled toward the positive protons in the nucleus.
12.What is binding energy (often used with electrostatic force)?: The amount of energy required to overcome the
electrostatic force to remove an electron from its orbit.
**for this class, binding energey = electrostatic force.
13.Higher atomic # = electrostatic force.: Greater.
14. pulls electrons away from the nucleus.: Centrifugal force.
, Basic Principles of Radiology, Radiation Biology, Radiation Protection,
Fil & Digital Imaging
15.The balance between and keeps elec- trons
in orbit around the nucleus.: electrostatic force and centrifugal force.
16. represents the movement of energy through space as a combination of
electric and magnetic fields.: Electromagnetic radiation.
17. All types of electromagnetic radiation travel at the speed of
.: Light (in a vacuum).
18. All types of electromagnetic radiation travel through space in
form.: Wave.
19. The waves of electromagnetic radiation have what 2 basic properties?: -
Wavelength and frequency.
, Basic Principles of Radiology, Radiation Biology, Radiation Protection,
Fil & Digital Imaging
20.is the distance from the crest of one wav of the next wave.:
e to the
Wavelength (nm). crest
21. is the number of waves in a given distance. :
Frequency.
count the waves in the picture
22. is an artifical form of electromagnetic radiation pro- duced in a glass tube.
is a naturally occuring form of electro- magnetic radiation.: xray.
gamma rays.
23.In an electric field, thousands of beams create a bundle, thousands of bundles create a .: photon
of energy.
24.What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?: They are inversely related (Ex: Longer
wavelength, shorter frequency).
25.short wavelength = frequency. low
frequency = wavelength.: high. long.
26. The energy of a wave of electromagnetic radiation represents the ability to
.: Penetrate an object.
27.The the energy, the more easily the wave will pass through the object.:
Higher.
28.What is the relationship between wavelength and energy?: Inversely related (Ex: Longer wavelength, lower
energy).
29.The shorter the wavelength, the the energy will be and the higher the
frequency, the the energy will be.: greater.
greater.
30. wavelength and frequency give the highest energy.:
short wavelength.
high frequency.
31.What is the relationship between energy and frequency?: Directly related (Ex: Higher energy, higher
frequency).
, Basic Principles of Radiology, Radiation Biology, Radiation Protection,
Fil & Digital Imaging
32.Are x-rays high or low energy waves?: High energy.
33.Because x-rays are high energy waves, they have very _________
wavelengths.: Short.
34.Do xrays have mass (weight) and charge?: No, do not have either.
35.T/F: X-rays travel in straight lines.: True, they cannot curve around a corner.
Fil & Digital Imaging
1. Who discovered the x-ray?: Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895
2. What are the 2 general uses of x-rays?: 1. Diagnostic
2. Therapeutic
3. Who performed the first dental radiograph?: Dr. Otto Walkoff.
4. Atomic # = .: # protons.
5. Mass # = .: # protons + neutrons.
6. An atom is composed of + .: electrons and
nucleus (protons + neutrons).
7. Where are electrons found within an atom?: orbiting outside the nucleus.
8. How are electrons kept in their orbits?: Balance between 2 opposing forces: electrostatic force (binding energy)
and centrifugal force.
9. electrostatic force and
centrifugal force are in magnitude, and
in direction.: equal.
opposite.
10. Attraction between positive protons and negative electrons is called
.: Electrostatic force.
11.Electrons closer to nucleus (in the K-shell) have electro-
static force.: Greater.
**attraction causes the negative electrons to be pulled toward the positive protons in the nucleus.
12.What is binding energy (often used with electrostatic force)?: The amount of energy required to overcome the
electrostatic force to remove an electron from its orbit.
**for this class, binding energey = electrostatic force.
13.Higher atomic # = electrostatic force.: Greater.
14. pulls electrons away from the nucleus.: Centrifugal force.
, Basic Principles of Radiology, Radiation Biology, Radiation Protection,
Fil & Digital Imaging
15.The balance between and keeps elec- trons
in orbit around the nucleus.: electrostatic force and centrifugal force.
16. represents the movement of energy through space as a combination of
electric and magnetic fields.: Electromagnetic radiation.
17. All types of electromagnetic radiation travel at the speed of
.: Light (in a vacuum).
18. All types of electromagnetic radiation travel through space in
form.: Wave.
19. The waves of electromagnetic radiation have what 2 basic properties?: -
Wavelength and frequency.
, Basic Principles of Radiology, Radiation Biology, Radiation Protection,
Fil & Digital Imaging
20.is the distance from the crest of one wav of the next wave.:
e to the
Wavelength (nm). crest
21. is the number of waves in a given distance. :
Frequency.
count the waves in the picture
22. is an artifical form of electromagnetic radiation pro- duced in a glass tube.
is a naturally occuring form of electro- magnetic radiation.: xray.
gamma rays.
23.In an electric field, thousands of beams create a bundle, thousands of bundles create a .: photon
of energy.
24.What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?: They are inversely related (Ex: Longer
wavelength, shorter frequency).
25.short wavelength = frequency. low
frequency = wavelength.: high. long.
26. The energy of a wave of electromagnetic radiation represents the ability to
.: Penetrate an object.
27.The the energy, the more easily the wave will pass through the object.:
Higher.
28.What is the relationship between wavelength and energy?: Inversely related (Ex: Longer wavelength, lower
energy).
29.The shorter the wavelength, the the energy will be and the higher the
frequency, the the energy will be.: greater.
greater.
30. wavelength and frequency give the highest energy.:
short wavelength.
high frequency.
31.What is the relationship between energy and frequency?: Directly related (Ex: Higher energy, higher
frequency).
, Basic Principles of Radiology, Radiation Biology, Radiation Protection,
Fil & Digital Imaging
32.Are x-rays high or low energy waves?: High energy.
33.Because x-rays are high energy waves, they have very _________
wavelengths.: Short.
34.Do xrays have mass (weight) and charge?: No, do not have either.
35.T/F: X-rays travel in straight lines.: True, they cannot curve around a corner.
