CHEM 121 Final Exam with complete
solutions 2024/2025
What are the different levels of energy? - ANSWER-1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s <
3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s
How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit? - ANSWER-Fahrenheit = (Celsius x
9/5) + 32
How do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius? - ANSWER-Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32)
x 5/9
How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin? - ANSWER-Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15
How do you convert Kelvin to Celsius? - ANSWER-Celsius = Kelvin - 273.15
How do you convert Fahrenheit to Kelvin? - ANSWER-Kelvin = (Fahrenheit +
459.67) x 5/9
How do you convert Kelvin to Fahrenheit? - ANSWER-Fahrenheit = (Kelvin x 9/5) -
459.67
What is Hess's Law? - ANSWER-When reactants are converted to products,
the enthalpy of the reaction is the same, no matter if it occurs in one step, or a
series of steps.
, What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle? - ANSWER-Each electron has a set of 4
numbers, called quantum numbers (q.n.'s.) that specify it completely. No two
electrons in the same atom can have the same 4 q.n.'s. The primary quantum
number n tells you which of the main energy levels you are in.
What is the principle of quantum number n? - ANSWER-Describes the distance of
the orbital from the nucleus. The larger the value the larger the distance of the
electron.
What is the magnetic quantum number ml? - ANSWER-Tells us the 3D orientation
of the orbital in space.
What is the electron spin quantum number ms? - ANSWER-Tells us the spin
direction of the electron, +1/2 or -1/2
What is the angular momentum quantum number l? - ANSWER-This tells us the
shape.
Which areas of the periodic table belong to which orbital? - ANSWER-Groups 1 &
2 & Helium = s
Groups 3 through 12 = d
Groups 13 through 18 (not He) = p
What happens in terms of reactions throughout the periodic table? - ANSWER-
The reactions are more vigorous as we go down, like in Group 1.
What are the reactive characteristics of group 7 - halogens? - ANSWER-They are
all very reactive because of their 7 valance electrons. They have very high
ionization energies & electron affinities. Fluorine is very reactive and known as
solutions 2024/2025
What are the different levels of energy? - ANSWER-1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s <
3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s
How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit? - ANSWER-Fahrenheit = (Celsius x
9/5) + 32
How do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius? - ANSWER-Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32)
x 5/9
How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin? - ANSWER-Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15
How do you convert Kelvin to Celsius? - ANSWER-Celsius = Kelvin - 273.15
How do you convert Fahrenheit to Kelvin? - ANSWER-Kelvin = (Fahrenheit +
459.67) x 5/9
How do you convert Kelvin to Fahrenheit? - ANSWER-Fahrenheit = (Kelvin x 9/5) -
459.67
What is Hess's Law? - ANSWER-When reactants are converted to products,
the enthalpy of the reaction is the same, no matter if it occurs in one step, or a
series of steps.
, What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle? - ANSWER-Each electron has a set of 4
numbers, called quantum numbers (q.n.'s.) that specify it completely. No two
electrons in the same atom can have the same 4 q.n.'s. The primary quantum
number n tells you which of the main energy levels you are in.
What is the principle of quantum number n? - ANSWER-Describes the distance of
the orbital from the nucleus. The larger the value the larger the distance of the
electron.
What is the magnetic quantum number ml? - ANSWER-Tells us the 3D orientation
of the orbital in space.
What is the electron spin quantum number ms? - ANSWER-Tells us the spin
direction of the electron, +1/2 or -1/2
What is the angular momentum quantum number l? - ANSWER-This tells us the
shape.
Which areas of the periodic table belong to which orbital? - ANSWER-Groups 1 &
2 & Helium = s
Groups 3 through 12 = d
Groups 13 through 18 (not He) = p
What happens in terms of reactions throughout the periodic table? - ANSWER-
The reactions are more vigorous as we go down, like in Group 1.
What are the reactive characteristics of group 7 - halogens? - ANSWER-They are
all very reactive because of their 7 valance electrons. They have very high
ionization energies & electron affinities. Fluorine is very reactive and known as
