STS REVIEWER - It is also likely that knowledge of plants
whose chemical properties are useful as
HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
poisons, dyes, or medicines had its
STONE AGE beginnings during the hunter-gatherer
period.
• Stone tools have long been the first recognized
technology. • Technological innovations among hunter
- stone tools first found in the Olduvai Gorge in gatherers
Tanzania by Louis and Mary Leakey and - Hunting weapons
since found elsewhere in Africa as well ➢ sling, the bow, the bolo, the fish hook, and
the spear thrower
• 1.8M years ago ➢ The progress in technology is most
- African and Asian humans greatly improved clearly seen in the further refinement of
stone tools by flaking pieces off a core, stone tools and in the Neolithic use of
creating distinctive shapes with only a single many other materials
cutting edge that we call hand axes (or
bifaces) and scrapers or choppers.
- The hammerstone used to work the other AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
tools could be thought of as the first “machine
tool.” • Renamed as Neolithic Revolution (Vere) Gordon
- The hand axe and scraper set of tools, or Childe (in 1950)
toolkit or industry, continued for more than a - Started about 10,000 years ago, or near
million years before a different stone tool 8000 BCE
emerged. - made the major technological advancement
of domesticating animals and plants
• 600,000 to 30,000 years ago - introduction of sun-dried bricks and mortar
- Various types of points, often considered to
be spearheads, knives, arrowheads, or teeth • Major developments of the period following the
(such as saws’ teeth) were devised. Agricultural Revolution were largely in
- Other stone tools from this period included astronomy, mathematics, and technology.
awls or needles as well as burins (engraving • A significant advance toward the end of the
tools). Agricultural Revolution, however, was the use of
metal for tools.
• Knowledge among hunter gatherers - Copper was the first metal to be employed
- recognition of the plants that could be eaten (6400 BCE)
and where to find them - Bronze (3000 – 1500 BCE)
- the ability to make simple tools for digging - Iron
roots or scraping meat off bone
- discovered how to control fire and began to • Ceramics Age
build substantial structures with wood posts - since pottery and other ceramics, along with
glass, were dominant
- Mathematics and astronomy
➢ Notches on artifacts have been • Wheel Age
interpreted as tally marks or counters, as - potter’s wheel, the wheeled vehicle, and
calendars, and as records of the lunar wheels in various devices
cycle. - another great advance in transportation ––
➢ detected patterns in the apparent the sail
motions of the stars and possibly even in ➢ first power source that did not
the real motions of the planets through depend on biological input
the night sky.
- Botanical taxonomy was undoubtedly
accurate. CIVILIZATION
, • Civilizations began to rise following Agricultural ➢ They discovered that people look
Revolution more visually presentable and
- as a society that includes towns of at least appealing by adding some features
5000 people, a written language, and and decorations in their body.
monumental religious works produced in
service of a state religion • To integrate the needs of the people, they
- a significant minority became full-time ventured into the field of engineering.
warriors, traders, merchants, manufacturers, i. Architecture
accountants, builders, or rulers ➢ Signs of technological advancements
during those times
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE COURSE
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
DURING ANCIENT TIMES
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
ANCIENT TIMES
• 3,500 years B.C.E.
• Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science
and Technology:
• Sumerians were known for their high degree of
cooperation w/ one another and their desire for
- People’s concerns:
great things.
a. Transportation
➢ To search for food
• Writing system
➢ To find better locations for
- “cuneiform”
settlements
- word pictures as symbols
➢ To trade goods
- tool w/ wedge-shaped tip
- symbols pressed into a wet
b. Navigation
clay tablets and and air dried
➢ important in the journey to unfamiliar
places
• Uruk City
c. Communication
- The first true city
➢ To facilitate trade
- Using only mud or clay from the river, mixed
➢ Prevent possible conflicts
w/ reeds, forming sun-baked bricks
d. Record-keeping
➢ To remember places
➢ To document trades • The Great Ziggurat of Ur
➢ To establish identities through history - Also called the mountain of god
and culture - Served as sacred place of their chief god
e. Mass production
➢ Increase in size and number of • Livelihood is primarily agricultural in nature
nations connoted increased demand - irrigation system
for food and other basic necessities - dikes and canals
f. Security and protection - sailboat
➢ Conflicts were common - roads
➢ Weapons and armors were - Wheel
important - Plow
g. Health
➢ Primary challenge was the BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
conservation of life
h. Aesthetics • Span from 3,500 B.C.E. Until 500 B.C.E
➢ to improve how they look
whose chemical properties are useful as
HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
poisons, dyes, or medicines had its
STONE AGE beginnings during the hunter-gatherer
period.
• Stone tools have long been the first recognized
technology. • Technological innovations among hunter
- stone tools first found in the Olduvai Gorge in gatherers
Tanzania by Louis and Mary Leakey and - Hunting weapons
since found elsewhere in Africa as well ➢ sling, the bow, the bolo, the fish hook, and
the spear thrower
• 1.8M years ago ➢ The progress in technology is most
- African and Asian humans greatly improved clearly seen in the further refinement of
stone tools by flaking pieces off a core, stone tools and in the Neolithic use of
creating distinctive shapes with only a single many other materials
cutting edge that we call hand axes (or
bifaces) and scrapers or choppers.
- The hammerstone used to work the other AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
tools could be thought of as the first “machine
tool.” • Renamed as Neolithic Revolution (Vere) Gordon
- The hand axe and scraper set of tools, or Childe (in 1950)
toolkit or industry, continued for more than a - Started about 10,000 years ago, or near
million years before a different stone tool 8000 BCE
emerged. - made the major technological advancement
of domesticating animals and plants
• 600,000 to 30,000 years ago - introduction of sun-dried bricks and mortar
- Various types of points, often considered to
be spearheads, knives, arrowheads, or teeth • Major developments of the period following the
(such as saws’ teeth) were devised. Agricultural Revolution were largely in
- Other stone tools from this period included astronomy, mathematics, and technology.
awls or needles as well as burins (engraving • A significant advance toward the end of the
tools). Agricultural Revolution, however, was the use of
metal for tools.
• Knowledge among hunter gatherers - Copper was the first metal to be employed
- recognition of the plants that could be eaten (6400 BCE)
and where to find them - Bronze (3000 – 1500 BCE)
- the ability to make simple tools for digging - Iron
roots or scraping meat off bone
- discovered how to control fire and began to • Ceramics Age
build substantial structures with wood posts - since pottery and other ceramics, along with
glass, were dominant
- Mathematics and astronomy
➢ Notches on artifacts have been • Wheel Age
interpreted as tally marks or counters, as - potter’s wheel, the wheeled vehicle, and
calendars, and as records of the lunar wheels in various devices
cycle. - another great advance in transportation ––
➢ detected patterns in the apparent the sail
motions of the stars and possibly even in ➢ first power source that did not
the real motions of the planets through depend on biological input
the night sky.
- Botanical taxonomy was undoubtedly
accurate. CIVILIZATION
, • Civilizations began to rise following Agricultural ➢ They discovered that people look
Revolution more visually presentable and
- as a society that includes towns of at least appealing by adding some features
5000 people, a written language, and and decorations in their body.
monumental religious works produced in
service of a state religion • To integrate the needs of the people, they
- a significant minority became full-time ventured into the field of engineering.
warriors, traders, merchants, manufacturers, i. Architecture
accountants, builders, or rulers ➢ Signs of technological advancements
during those times
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE COURSE
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
DURING ANCIENT TIMES
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
ANCIENT TIMES
• 3,500 years B.C.E.
• Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science
and Technology:
• Sumerians were known for their high degree of
cooperation w/ one another and their desire for
- People’s concerns:
great things.
a. Transportation
➢ To search for food
• Writing system
➢ To find better locations for
- “cuneiform”
settlements
- word pictures as symbols
➢ To trade goods
- tool w/ wedge-shaped tip
- symbols pressed into a wet
b. Navigation
clay tablets and and air dried
➢ important in the journey to unfamiliar
places
• Uruk City
c. Communication
- The first true city
➢ To facilitate trade
- Using only mud or clay from the river, mixed
➢ Prevent possible conflicts
w/ reeds, forming sun-baked bricks
d. Record-keeping
➢ To remember places
➢ To document trades • The Great Ziggurat of Ur
➢ To establish identities through history - Also called the mountain of god
and culture - Served as sacred place of their chief god
e. Mass production
➢ Increase in size and number of • Livelihood is primarily agricultural in nature
nations connoted increased demand - irrigation system
for food and other basic necessities - dikes and canals
f. Security and protection - sailboat
➢ Conflicts were common - roads
➢ Weapons and armors were - Wheel
important - Plow
g. Health
➢ Primary challenge was the BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
conservation of life
h. Aesthetics • Span from 3,500 B.C.E. Until 500 B.C.E
➢ to improve how they look
