NR 412
Pathophysiology
MIDTERM EXAM READINESS
GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is
characterized by a decrease in the force of heart muscle
contractions?
a) Cardiomyopathy
b) Tachycardia
c) Bradycardia
d) Hypertension
Correct Answer: a) Cardiomyopathy
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is the term used to
describe abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries of
the lungs.
Correct Answer: Pulmonary Hypertension
3. True/False: Ischemia often leads to tissue damage
because it does not provide enough oxygen for cell
metabolism.
Correct Answer: True
4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the
following are potential complications of myocardial
infarction?
a) Arrhythmia
b) Heart failure
c) Stroke
d) Sudden cardiac arrest
Correct Answers: a) Arrhythmia, b) Heart failure, d)
Sudden cardiac arrest
5. Multiple Choice: What is the primary pathophysiological
process that occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus?
a) Insulin resistance
©2024/2025
, b) Beta-cell destruction
c) Glucagon deficiency
d) Decreased glucose uptake
Correct Answer: b) Beta-cell destruction
6. Fill-in-the-Blank: The accumulation of substances within
the arterial wall, leading to the narrowing and hardening of
the arteries, is known as __________.
Correct Answer: Atherosclerosis
7. True/False: Hyperplasia is the increase in the size of an
organ due to the enlargement of its component cells.
Correct Answer: False (This is hypertrophy; hyperplasia
is the increase in the number of cells.)
8. Multiple Response: Which of the following hormones are
involved in the stress response? Select all that apply.
a) Cortisol
b) Insulin
c) Adrenaline
d) Glucagon
Correct Answers: a) Cortisol, c) Adrenaline
9. Multiple Choice: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) is primarily caused by which of the following?
a) Bacterial infection
b) Air pollution
c) Smoking
d) Genetic factors
Correct Answer: c) Smoking
10. Fill-in-the-Blank: The deficiency of oxygen reaching the
tissues is termed __________.
©2024/2025
Pathophysiology
MIDTERM EXAM READINESS
GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is
characterized by a decrease in the force of heart muscle
contractions?
a) Cardiomyopathy
b) Tachycardia
c) Bradycardia
d) Hypertension
Correct Answer: a) Cardiomyopathy
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is the term used to
describe abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries of
the lungs.
Correct Answer: Pulmonary Hypertension
3. True/False: Ischemia often leads to tissue damage
because it does not provide enough oxygen for cell
metabolism.
Correct Answer: True
4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the
following are potential complications of myocardial
infarction?
a) Arrhythmia
b) Heart failure
c) Stroke
d) Sudden cardiac arrest
Correct Answers: a) Arrhythmia, b) Heart failure, d)
Sudden cardiac arrest
5. Multiple Choice: What is the primary pathophysiological
process that occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus?
a) Insulin resistance
©2024/2025
, b) Beta-cell destruction
c) Glucagon deficiency
d) Decreased glucose uptake
Correct Answer: b) Beta-cell destruction
6. Fill-in-the-Blank: The accumulation of substances within
the arterial wall, leading to the narrowing and hardening of
the arteries, is known as __________.
Correct Answer: Atherosclerosis
7. True/False: Hyperplasia is the increase in the size of an
organ due to the enlargement of its component cells.
Correct Answer: False (This is hypertrophy; hyperplasia
is the increase in the number of cells.)
8. Multiple Response: Which of the following hormones are
involved in the stress response? Select all that apply.
a) Cortisol
b) Insulin
c) Adrenaline
d) Glucagon
Correct Answers: a) Cortisol, c) Adrenaline
9. Multiple Choice: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) is primarily caused by which of the following?
a) Bacterial infection
b) Air pollution
c) Smoking
d) Genetic factors
Correct Answer: c) Smoking
10. Fill-in-the-Blank: The deficiency of oxygen reaching the
tissues is termed __________.
©2024/2025
