NUR 111 Exam 4 Questions And Accurate
Answers A+ Graded
Inflammation - ANSWER Is a localized reaction intended to neutralize, control or
eliminate an offending agent.
Inflammatory Response - ANSWER Inflammation is a localized reaction intended to
neutralize, control or eliminate an offending agent.
Nonspecific response to injured or dead cells
Eliminates invading pathogens
Allows for tissue repair
Occurs in response to infection or injury
Infection is one way to get inflammation but it is not the only way
Can be acute or chronic
That offending agent may be the persons own body
Not specific
A protecting mechanism that responds to injured or dead cells
Usually occurs in healthy tissue adjacent to the dead cells
Stages of Inflammation - ANSWER 1st stage: Vascular response
Blood vessel response
2nd stage: Cellular Response
White blood cells
Reparative phase
,They all happen very close together
Vascular Response - ANSWER Usually localized to the area of injury but can be systemic
Momentary vasoconstriction then lots of Vasodilation
Increased permeability of vasculature
Facilitated passage of blood and cells through wall of blood vessel
Increased concentration of blood
Because of the vasoconstriction and permeability
Clotting
Because platelets run to the site that help clot off injury to stop the bleeding
Cellular Response - ANSWER Leukocytes build up at site
Because of the increased permeability of the blood vessels
Cytokines induce endothelial cells to bind to leukocytes
Hormones, cytokines that signal the brain that there is an injury
WBCs leak from capillary into tissue
Infection fighting WBC's are present in tissue
WBC's phagocytose invading organisms
Exudate - ANSWER You have exudate associated with inflammation
When exudate begins to contain bacteria and bacterial debris it then becomes puss and
is an indication of a bacterial infection and becomes part of your excaudate
Moves into injured area after inflammatory event as part of the cellular response
Contains
Proteins
Fluid
,Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Macrophages
Granulocytes
Healthy exudate - ANSWER The whole point of it if it is health is to:
Eliminate pathogen
Remove dead tissue debris
Secrete cytokines
Begin healing
Reparative Phase - ANSWER Glucose and oxygen travel to site needing repair
Regeneration depends on the type of cells
Regeneration
Labile
They multiply constantly
So they are relatively easy to regenerate
Ex. Skin cells
Permanent
Does not regenerate
Ex. Neurons
Stable
Regenerate sometimes if there is injury
Takes longer because they do not multiply constantly
Ex. Kidney or liver cells
Replacement
Replacing the tissue that was damaged
Acute Inflammatory Response - ANSWER Tissue injury/exposure and the release of
, chemical mediators
Vasodilation and increased blood flow
Swelling and retraction of activated endothelial cells
Increased vascular permeability and leakage of small plasma proteins
"Walling
off"
Movement of immune response cells to the site of injury
Exudate formation
Movement of glucose and oxygen to the site needing repair
Release of
chemical repair
factors
from activated
endothelial
cells
Chemical Mediators - ANSWER Histamine and Kinins
Histamine - ANSWER Pro-inflammatory
Answers A+ Graded
Inflammation - ANSWER Is a localized reaction intended to neutralize, control or
eliminate an offending agent.
Inflammatory Response - ANSWER Inflammation is a localized reaction intended to
neutralize, control or eliminate an offending agent.
Nonspecific response to injured or dead cells
Eliminates invading pathogens
Allows for tissue repair
Occurs in response to infection or injury
Infection is one way to get inflammation but it is not the only way
Can be acute or chronic
That offending agent may be the persons own body
Not specific
A protecting mechanism that responds to injured or dead cells
Usually occurs in healthy tissue adjacent to the dead cells
Stages of Inflammation - ANSWER 1st stage: Vascular response
Blood vessel response
2nd stage: Cellular Response
White blood cells
Reparative phase
,They all happen very close together
Vascular Response - ANSWER Usually localized to the area of injury but can be systemic
Momentary vasoconstriction then lots of Vasodilation
Increased permeability of vasculature
Facilitated passage of blood and cells through wall of blood vessel
Increased concentration of blood
Because of the vasoconstriction and permeability
Clotting
Because platelets run to the site that help clot off injury to stop the bleeding
Cellular Response - ANSWER Leukocytes build up at site
Because of the increased permeability of the blood vessels
Cytokines induce endothelial cells to bind to leukocytes
Hormones, cytokines that signal the brain that there is an injury
WBCs leak from capillary into tissue
Infection fighting WBC's are present in tissue
WBC's phagocytose invading organisms
Exudate - ANSWER You have exudate associated with inflammation
When exudate begins to contain bacteria and bacterial debris it then becomes puss and
is an indication of a bacterial infection and becomes part of your excaudate
Moves into injured area after inflammatory event as part of the cellular response
Contains
Proteins
Fluid
,Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Macrophages
Granulocytes
Healthy exudate - ANSWER The whole point of it if it is health is to:
Eliminate pathogen
Remove dead tissue debris
Secrete cytokines
Begin healing
Reparative Phase - ANSWER Glucose and oxygen travel to site needing repair
Regeneration depends on the type of cells
Regeneration
Labile
They multiply constantly
So they are relatively easy to regenerate
Ex. Skin cells
Permanent
Does not regenerate
Ex. Neurons
Stable
Regenerate sometimes if there is injury
Takes longer because they do not multiply constantly
Ex. Kidney or liver cells
Replacement
Replacing the tissue that was damaged
Acute Inflammatory Response - ANSWER Tissue injury/exposure and the release of
, chemical mediators
Vasodilation and increased blood flow
Swelling and retraction of activated endothelial cells
Increased vascular permeability and leakage of small plasma proteins
"Walling
off"
Movement of immune response cells to the site of injury
Exudate formation
Movement of glucose and oxygen to the site needing repair
Release of
chemical repair
factors
from activated
endothelial
cells
Chemical Mediators - ANSWER Histamine and Kinins
Histamine - ANSWER Pro-inflammatory
