HESI RN Advanced Pathophysiology Exam LATEST
2024/2025 CERTIFIED WITH QUESTIONS AND EDITION
ANSWERS
Portal hypertension - CORRECT ANSWERIncreased pressure in the portal vein system
due to obstruction of blood flow, leading to the formation of collateral circulation and
portosystemic shunts.
Tension pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWERLife-threatening condition caused by
trapped air in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse and mediastinal shift.
Esophageal varices - CORRECT ANSWERDilated veins in the esophagus due to portal
hypertension, which can lead to life-threatening bleeding.
Thyroid storm - CORRECT ANSWERExtreme and life-threatening form of
thyrotoxicosis, characterized by high fever, tachycardia, and severe CNS effects.
Glucocorticoid - CORRECT ANSWERSteroid hormone that regulates glucose
metabolism and suppresses the immune response.
Adrenal insufficiency - CORRECT ANSWERCondition characterized by decreased
production of adrenal hormones, leading to fatigue, weight loss, and hypoglycemia.
CD4+ TH1 cells - CORRECT ANSWERT cells that control and coordinate host
defenses against intracellular pathogens.
Intracellular pathogen infection - CORRECT ANSWERInfection caused by pathogens
that reside and replicate within host cells, such as viruses and certain bacteria.
Passive immunity - CORRECT ANSWERShort-term protection against infectious
disease provided by the injection of antibodies from another individual.
Pattern theory - CORRECT ANSWERPain theory proposing that different activity
patterns of the same neurons can be used to signal painful or nonpainful stimuli.
Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway - CORRECT ANSWERPathway through
which proprioceptive information from stretch-sensitive receptors in the skin is
processed and transmitted to the CNS.
Marasmus - CORRECT ANSWERSevere protein and calorie deficiency characterized
by low heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, dull hair, and emaciated
appearance.
2024/2025 CERTIFIED WITH QUESTIONS AND EDITION
ANSWERS
Portal hypertension - CORRECT ANSWERIncreased pressure in the portal vein system
due to obstruction of blood flow, leading to the formation of collateral circulation and
portosystemic shunts.
Tension pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWERLife-threatening condition caused by
trapped air in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse and mediastinal shift.
Esophageal varices - CORRECT ANSWERDilated veins in the esophagus due to portal
hypertension, which can lead to life-threatening bleeding.
Thyroid storm - CORRECT ANSWERExtreme and life-threatening form of
thyrotoxicosis, characterized by high fever, tachycardia, and severe CNS effects.
Glucocorticoid - CORRECT ANSWERSteroid hormone that regulates glucose
metabolism and suppresses the immune response.
Adrenal insufficiency - CORRECT ANSWERCondition characterized by decreased
production of adrenal hormones, leading to fatigue, weight loss, and hypoglycemia.
CD4+ TH1 cells - CORRECT ANSWERT cells that control and coordinate host
defenses against intracellular pathogens.
Intracellular pathogen infection - CORRECT ANSWERInfection caused by pathogens
that reside and replicate within host cells, such as viruses and certain bacteria.
Passive immunity - CORRECT ANSWERShort-term protection against infectious
disease provided by the injection of antibodies from another individual.
Pattern theory - CORRECT ANSWERPain theory proposing that different activity
patterns of the same neurons can be used to signal painful or nonpainful stimuli.
Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway - CORRECT ANSWERPathway through
which proprioceptive information from stretch-sensitive receptors in the skin is
processed and transmitted to the CNS.
Marasmus - CORRECT ANSWERSevere protein and calorie deficiency characterized
by low heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, dull hair, and emaciated
appearance.
