PN 106-6: Cancer Exam Study Guide

PN 106-6: Cancer Exam Study Guide cells - Answer-the smallest living structural and functional subunits of the body cell structure - Answer-everything inside the cell including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus nucleus - Answer-cells control center; containing the individuals unique DNA mutations - Answer-a random error in gene replication that leads to a change, DNA mistakes mitosis - Answer-cell reproduction, after 46 chromosomes have replicated, divides into 2 cells each with its own set of chromosomes cell cycle - Answer-the duration of the cells life, the time it takes for mitosis to occur, the growth ratio, the frequency of cell loss, and the doubling time are important concepts r/t tumor growth and treatment strategies -muscle -connective -epithelial -nervous - Answer-4 types of tissues: oncology - Answer-the branch of medicine dealing with tumors and cancer EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 2/14 cancer - Answer-a group of cells that grows out of control, taking over the function of the affected organ; a disease with different causes, manifestations, treatments, and prognoses neoplasm or tumor - Answer-cells that reproduce abnormally; new growth or formation benign - Answer-tumor is a cluster of cells that is not normal to the body but is noncancerous; grow very slow and have normal tissue function malignant - Answer-tumor that resists treatment and tend to worsen and threaten life, can travel to and infect surrounding tissue; grow and reproduce rapidly in situ - Answer-neoplastic cells that remain in one area and are localized metastasis - Answer-spread of the tumor from the primary site into separate and distant areas 100 - Answer-how many different types of cancer are there? 50-60 - Answer-normal cells are limited to how many divisions before they die? unlimited - Answer-how many times can cancer cells divide? cell mutation - Answer-a sudden change that affects the chromosomes, causing the new cell to differ from its parent cell malignant cell enzymes - Answer-destroy glue-like substance found b/t normal cells, which disrupts the transfer of information used for normal cell structure initiation - Answer-causes an alteration in genetic structure of the cell DNA. associated with exposure to carcinogen EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 3/14 promotion - Answer-occurs after repeated exposure to carcinogens causes the initiated cells to mutate and form a tumor progression - Answer-further genetic mutations occur leading to growth and metastasis of the tumor -environmental factors -genetics -certain viruses -radiation -chemicals -irritants -diet -hormones -immune factors - Answer-risk factors of cancer include: cancer classification - Answer-identified by tissue affected, speed of cell growth, cell appearance, and location carcinoma - Answer-most common type of cancer, it usually begins in the tissue of skin, glands, and digestive, urinary, and respiratory tract linings sarcoma - Answer-cancerous tissue that involves the connective tissue including bone and muscle leukemia - Answer-is cancerous; an abnormal growth of WBCs, plasma cells, and bone marrow EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 4/14 lymphoma - Answer-cancerous lymphatic tissue lipoma - Answer-is a benign, slow-growing tumor of the fat tissue fibroma - Answer-is a benign tumor of the connective tissue melanoma - Answer-is cancerous skin cells skin cancer - Answer-the most common type of cancer in adults, but is considered to be the most preventable men - Answer-who have a higher incidence of getting cancer: m