PN106 Exam 8 (Eyes, Ears, Diabetes) Exam Study Guide

PN106 Exam 8 (Eyes, Ears, Diabetes) Exam Study Guide How blood glucose is transported in the body - Answer-Gets into cells by crossing membrane via facilitated diffusion using carrier proteins Difference between insulin and hypoglycemic medications - Answer-Insulin -Four different classes -Rapid acting -Short acting -Intermediate -Long acting -Inserted vis Subq or IV -Has an onset (period before BG lowers), peak (BG at its lowest), and duration (length of time insulin works before used up) -Type 1 Hypoglycemic meds -Multiple different classes -Produce more natural insulin EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 2/11 -Action depends on class -Stimulate pancreas -Increase tissue sensitivity to insulin -Slow carb digestion and absorption -Reduce glucose reabsorption by kidneys -Type 2 Risk factors for developing Type 2 - Answer--Obesity -Have prediabetes -45+ years old -Physically active less than 3 days a week -Heredity -Metabolic syndrome -Had gestational diabetes -Insulin resistance Blood glucose monitoring- Continuous vs intermittent - Answer-Continuous Causes of Hyperglycemia - Answer--Blood glucose 126 -Overeating -Stress (major cause of hyperglycemia) EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 3/11 -Illness -Not enough medication Blood glucose and surgery - Answer--Can cause glucose levels to increase because of stress on body -Frequent glucose check -Sliding scale or insulin drip used -Maintain glucose of 140-180 Patient education regarding peripheral neuropathy - Answer--Don't walk barefoot -Check feet daily -Quit smoking -Exercise regularly Diabetes and infection - Answer--People with diabetes are more prone to infection -If injuries occur, wound healing is impaired due to poor circulation -May have limited blood supply to heal the wound or fight infection -In presence of hyperglycemia, WBC become sluggish and ineffective -Incidence of gum disease is also increased Surgical risk factors - Answer--Age -Obesity -Smoking EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 4/11 -Chronic disease -Drug use -Nutrition OR sterile technique/scrubbing in - Answer--Reduces the number of microorganisms on hands and arms -Jewelry removed -Fingernails clean and cut short -Sterile gloves worn -Idea of sterile field same as what we've learned Preop nursing responsibilities - Answer--Take vitals -Remove anything that is not naturally a part of human body (except for a gown) -Review all orders, tests, history, and consents -Confirm surgical consent is understood and signed -Apply anti-embolism devices if ordered -Offer to use the bathroom Diet before and after surgery to promote healing - Answer--Typically NPO the midnight before surgery -Typically clear liquids after surgery EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 5/11 -Increase protein to promote healing Purpose of surgery for a stage 4 lung cancer - Answer-Palliative surgery -Done to alleviate symptoms because it cannot be cured -Removal of as much of the tumor as possible to alleviate pain or pressure and promote comfort and quality of life O2 Sat prior to discharge - Answer-Above 90%