NURS 351 - EXAM 1 CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

NURS 351 - EXAM 1 CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Movementy(cellyfunction)y-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Actinynetworkyproducesymovementyneededyforygrowth,yrepair,y+yreproduction

Conductivityy(cellyfunction)y-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Respondingytoyay(electrical)ystimulusyacrossytheycellymembraney(i.e.yActionypotential
yinynerveycells)



Metabolicyabsorptiony(cellyfunction)y-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Cellsytakeyinynutrientsy&yotherysubstancesytoybeyusedyforywork.yAllowsyanabolism/yc
atabolismyofyenergy

Secretiony(cellyfunction)y-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Abilityyofycellsytoyturnyoneysubstanceyintoyanotherytoybeyused

Excretiony(cellyfunction)y-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Removalyofywasteythatyaccumulatesyfromytheybreakdownyofynutrients.yLysosomesybr
eakdownymacromoleculesyintoywasteyproducts

Cellularyrespirationy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Processythatyreleasesyenergyybyybreakingydownyglucoseyandyotheryfoodymoleculesyin
ytheypresenceyofyoxygen,yoccursyinytheymitochondria



Reproductiony(cellyfunction)y-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Tissueygrowthyisymaintainedybyycellyreproduction

Communicationy(cellyfunction)y-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Cellsysecreteysubstancesytoy"talk"ytoyeachyotheryandyaccomplishybiologicalyprocesses

Nucleusy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
AypartyofytheycellycontainingyDNAyandyRNAyandyresponsibleyforycellygrowthyandydivis
ion

RoughyEndoplasmicyReticulumy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Containsyribosomesy&yribonucleoproteinsythatysynthesize/transportyproteins

SmoothyEndoplasmicyReticulumy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Containsyenzymesyforysteroidysynthesisyandydetoxytheycell

Peroxisomesy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Containymanyyoxidativeyenzymesythatycanydetoxycompounds/fattyyacids

,Lysosomesy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Containydigestiveyenzymesythatybreakdownymacromoleculesy,yintracellularyorganell
es,yandyendocytosedyparticles

Mitochondriay-yCORRECTyANSWER-Cellularyrespirationyandyenergyyproduction

Golgiyapparatusy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Stackyofymembranesyinytheycellythatymodifies,ysorts,yandypackagesyproteinsyfromythey
endoplasmicyreticulum

Ribosomesy-yCORRECTyANSWER-RNA-
proteinycomplexesythatyareymadeyinytheynucleusyandysecretedyintoycytoplasm,ysiteyof
yproteinysynthesis



Cytoplasmy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Housesycytoplasmyandyotherycellularycomponentsyinycytoplasmicymatrix

Cytoskeletony-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Internalystructuresythatymaintainycellyshapeyandyorganization

Normalycellsy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Designedybyystructureyandyfunction,ystriveytoymaintainyhomeostasis

Adaptationsy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Reversibleychangesyinycellysize,ynumber,yphenotype,yandyfunction.yCellsyadaptytoyme
etyhomeostasis

Atrophyy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Decreaseyinycellysize,ycouldyshrinkyanyorganyifyityhappensytoyenoughyofytheyorgan'syce
lls

Physiologicyatrophyy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Occursyinyearlyydevelopment,yi.e.ytheyThymusyglandyatrophiesyduringychildhood

Pathologicyatrophyy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Resultyofydecreaseyinyworkload,yuse,ypressure,ybloodysupply,ynutrition,yhormones,ya
nd/orynerveystimulation

Hyperplasiay-yCORRECTyANSWER-Increaseyinynumberyofycells,yincreasedydivision

Compensatoryyhyperplasiay-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Adaptiveymechanismyenablingyorganyregenerationy(i.e.yliverycells)

Hormonalyhyperplasiay-yCORRECTyANSWER-Mostlyyinyestrogen-
dependentyorgansylikeytheyuterus/breastsy(yi.e.yendometriumythickensyafteryovulatio
n)

, Pathologicyhyperplasiay-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Abnormalyproliferationyofynormalycells,yresponseytoyexpressiveyorygrowthyfactorsy(i.
e.yincreaseyheartysizeydueytoyabnormalystress)

Metaplasiay-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Reversibleyreplacementyofyaymatureycellywithyaylessydifferentiatedycellytype,yfoundyw
ithytissueyrepair.yWhenybeneficial,yityoffersyprotectionytoytolerateyacidic/abrasiveyen
vironments

Dysplasiay-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Abnormalychangeyinysize,yshape,yandyorganizationyofymatureycells.yNotycancer,ynorm
allyyinyepithelium

Whatyisytheymostyimportantycauseyofycellularyinjury?y-yCORRECTyANSWER-Hypoxia

Sodium-PotassiumyPumpy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
CarrieryproteinythatyusesyATPytoyactivelyytransporty(3)ysodiumyionsyoutyofyaycellyand
y(2)ypotassiumyionsyintoytheycell.yMaintainsyfluidyvolumeyandyestablishesyrestingyme

mbraneypotential

Aerobicymetabolismy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Theycellularyprocessyinywhichyoxygenyisyusedytoymetabolizeyglucose.yEnergyyisyprodu
cedyinyanyefficientymannerywithyminimalywasteyproducts.yYieldsy36yATP.

Anaerobicymetabolismy-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Theymetabolismythatytakesyplaceyinytheyabsenceyofyoxygen;ytheyprincipleyproductyisyl
acticyacid.yYieldsy2yATP.

Hypoxiay-yCORRECTyANSWER-
Cellsydon'tyreceiveyenoughyoxygenyandyareyunableytoyproduceyATP

Hypoxiaysympyomsy-yCORRECTyANSWER--yrestlessness
-yheadache
-yconfusion
-ytachycardia
-ytachypnea
-ydyspnea
-yanxiety

Cellularychangesydueytoyhypoxiay-yCORRECTyANSWER--
yNa+/K+ypumpyfailsywithoutyATP,ycausingycellularyedemayasyfluidybalanceyisythrowny

off
-yCa2+ypumpyfailsywithoutyATP,yenzymesyactivateythatybreakdownymacromolecules
-yRoughyERyswells,yhaltingyproteinysynthesis