HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
COMPLETE SUMMARY 100 % REVISED
Study of living organisms, both plants and animals.
Biology
Deals with body structures like the heart, muscles, the brain, and the relationship between body
structures.
Human Anatomy
Concerned with the function of the body parts.
Human Physiology
Study of structures observed with the naked eye, without using any instruments or gadget to aid in
observation.
Gross Anatomy
Study of structures observed with the aid of a microscope or other similar devices that magnify very
small things.
Microscopic Anatomy
Study of cells and cellular organelles inside a single cell.
Cytology
Study of tissues that make up the different organs of the body.
Histology
Study of the structural changes from conception in the mother's womb to birth.
Developmental Anatomy
Study of structural changes caused by diseases and other illness states.
Pathological Anatomy
Study of interactions or relationships of cell parts and components and the specific functions of the
cellular organelles and in the cell.
Cellular Physiology
Study of the changes in function that occur as an organism develops.
Developmental Physiology
,Study of the changes in function that happen as organs grow old or become sick or ill.
Pathological Physiology
At all levels of the organizational scheme, there is the division of labor where each component has a
job to perform.
Organization
Chemical reactions that occur in the body.
Metabolism
Concerned with detecting changes in the internal and external environment and reacting to that
change.
Responsiveness
Movements within the body, cellular level, molecules move from one place to another.
Movement
Formation of a new person, the birth of the baby.
Reproduction
Increase in size either through an increase in the number of cells or through an increase in the size of
an individual.
Growth
Developmental process by which unspecialized cells change into specialized cells, developing into
tissues and organs.
Differentiation
Processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and external
environment.
Respiration
Process of breaking down complex ingested foods into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the
blood and utilized by the body.
Digestion
Process that removes the waste products of digestion and metabolism from the body.
Excretion
Atoms combine to form molecules.
Chemical Level
Cells are made up of molecules; simplest unit that maintains life.
, Cellular Level
A collection of similar cells bound by supporting matrix that performs a specific function.
Tissue Level
Cover body and organ surfaces, lines body cavities and lumina, forms various glands, involved with
protection, absorption, excretion, and secretion.
Epithelial Tissues
Binds, supports, and protects body parts; characterized by abundance of extracellular matrix
Connective Tissue
Produce movement of body parts and locomotion.
Muscle Tissues
Initiate and transmit nerve impulses.
Nervous Tissues
Organs are made up of different types of tissues to perform a particular function.
Organ Level
Organs working together to perform a common function or set of functions.
System Level
Includes skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands, protecting the body, regulating body temperature,
eliminating wastes, and receiving stimuli.
Integumentary System
Includes bones, cartilage, and ligaments, providing body support and protection, movement and
leverage, producing blood cells, and storing minerals.
Skeletal System
Involves skeletal muscles and tendons, effecting body movements, maintaining posture, and
producing body heat.
Muscular System
Includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs, detecting and responding to changes in the
internal and external environment.
Nervous System
Includes all hormone-producing glands and functions to control and integrate.
Endocrine System
COMPLETE SUMMARY 100 % REVISED
Study of living organisms, both plants and animals.
Biology
Deals with body structures like the heart, muscles, the brain, and the relationship between body
structures.
Human Anatomy
Concerned with the function of the body parts.
Human Physiology
Study of structures observed with the naked eye, without using any instruments or gadget to aid in
observation.
Gross Anatomy
Study of structures observed with the aid of a microscope or other similar devices that magnify very
small things.
Microscopic Anatomy
Study of cells and cellular organelles inside a single cell.
Cytology
Study of tissues that make up the different organs of the body.
Histology
Study of the structural changes from conception in the mother's womb to birth.
Developmental Anatomy
Study of structural changes caused by diseases and other illness states.
Pathological Anatomy
Study of interactions or relationships of cell parts and components and the specific functions of the
cellular organelles and in the cell.
Cellular Physiology
Study of the changes in function that occur as an organism develops.
Developmental Physiology
,Study of the changes in function that happen as organs grow old or become sick or ill.
Pathological Physiology
At all levels of the organizational scheme, there is the division of labor where each component has a
job to perform.
Organization
Chemical reactions that occur in the body.
Metabolism
Concerned with detecting changes in the internal and external environment and reacting to that
change.
Responsiveness
Movements within the body, cellular level, molecules move from one place to another.
Movement
Formation of a new person, the birth of the baby.
Reproduction
Increase in size either through an increase in the number of cells or through an increase in the size of
an individual.
Growth
Developmental process by which unspecialized cells change into specialized cells, developing into
tissues and organs.
Differentiation
Processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and external
environment.
Respiration
Process of breaking down complex ingested foods into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the
blood and utilized by the body.
Digestion
Process that removes the waste products of digestion and metabolism from the body.
Excretion
Atoms combine to form molecules.
Chemical Level
Cells are made up of molecules; simplest unit that maintains life.
, Cellular Level
A collection of similar cells bound by supporting matrix that performs a specific function.
Tissue Level
Cover body and organ surfaces, lines body cavities and lumina, forms various glands, involved with
protection, absorption, excretion, and secretion.
Epithelial Tissues
Binds, supports, and protects body parts; characterized by abundance of extracellular matrix
Connective Tissue
Produce movement of body parts and locomotion.
Muscle Tissues
Initiate and transmit nerve impulses.
Nervous Tissues
Organs are made up of different types of tissues to perform a particular function.
Organ Level
Organs working together to perform a common function or set of functions.
System Level
Includes skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands, protecting the body, regulating body temperature,
eliminating wastes, and receiving stimuli.
Integumentary System
Includes bones, cartilage, and ligaments, providing body support and protection, movement and
leverage, producing blood cells, and storing minerals.
Skeletal System
Involves skeletal muscles and tendons, effecting body movements, maintaining posture, and
producing body heat.
Muscular System
Includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs, detecting and responding to changes in the
internal and external environment.
Nervous System
Includes all hormone-producing glands and functions to control and integrate.
Endocrine System
