POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN TEACHING PROGRAM
MAY 2023 SEMESTER
HPGD3103
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
MATRICULATION NO. :
IDENTITY CARD NO. :
TELEPHONE NO. :
E-MAIL :
LEARNING CENTRE :
, HPGD3103
QUESTION 1 (40%)
a) PART I: GAGNE’S NINE EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION
i. INTRODUCTION
In this 21st of century, our country is going through a huge transformation in the education
sector with the use of technologies in the teaching process. This is because, the widely use of
technologies as a teaching tool has shown a significant impact by the production of multiple
methods, techniques, technologies and etc. in the instructional learning. Technology not only
engages students in the learning process, but it also shifts the focus of instruction from the
teacher to the students, Heafner (2004). Due to these development in the education, teachers or
instructors have to consider the use of technology during the teaching process in order to
improve the quality of the education.
Richey (1986) defined the instructional design as a scientific process to create a specific
learning and instruction in details to evaluate, develop and analyze any conditions to solve the
instructional problem that occur during the process. In the instructional design process, there
are some factors that have to be considered and need to be organized in orders or steps to ensure
that the instructional learning could be proceed systematically. This is because, these factors
could affect each other as they are closely related in order to achieve certain goals and
objectives in the learning process.
ii. ROBERT GAGNE-NINE EVENTS OF INSTRUCTIONS
In 1965, Robert Gagne through his book “The Conditions of Learning” proposed the mental
conditions for learning and identified series of events that occur when learners are presented
with different stimuli based on the information processing model. (Gagne, Briggs & Wager,
1992). The events of instruction is developed by Gagne, indicate that instructions must consider
holistically all factors with the application of nine important events of instructions, which
highlighted a nine-step process of events that associated with conditions of learning. Teachers
can develop an effective learning environment during the learning process by creating a lesson
plan that adapted from Gagne’s Nine Events of instruction as below:
1
MAY 2023 SEMESTER
HPGD3103
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
MATRICULATION NO. :
IDENTITY CARD NO. :
TELEPHONE NO. :
E-MAIL :
LEARNING CENTRE :
, HPGD3103
QUESTION 1 (40%)
a) PART I: GAGNE’S NINE EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION
i. INTRODUCTION
In this 21st of century, our country is going through a huge transformation in the education
sector with the use of technologies in the teaching process. This is because, the widely use of
technologies as a teaching tool has shown a significant impact by the production of multiple
methods, techniques, technologies and etc. in the instructional learning. Technology not only
engages students in the learning process, but it also shifts the focus of instruction from the
teacher to the students, Heafner (2004). Due to these development in the education, teachers or
instructors have to consider the use of technology during the teaching process in order to
improve the quality of the education.
Richey (1986) defined the instructional design as a scientific process to create a specific
learning and instruction in details to evaluate, develop and analyze any conditions to solve the
instructional problem that occur during the process. In the instructional design process, there
are some factors that have to be considered and need to be organized in orders or steps to ensure
that the instructional learning could be proceed systematically. This is because, these factors
could affect each other as they are closely related in order to achieve certain goals and
objectives in the learning process.
ii. ROBERT GAGNE-NINE EVENTS OF INSTRUCTIONS
In 1965, Robert Gagne through his book “The Conditions of Learning” proposed the mental
conditions for learning and identified series of events that occur when learners are presented
with different stimuli based on the information processing model. (Gagne, Briggs & Wager,
1992). The events of instruction is developed by Gagne, indicate that instructions must consider
holistically all factors with the application of nine important events of instructions, which
highlighted a nine-step process of events that associated with conditions of learning. Teachers
can develop an effective learning environment during the learning process by creating a lesson
plan that adapted from Gagne’s Nine Events of instruction as below:
1
