SOC 3420 Criminology 12-14 | Questions and Answers

SOC 3420 Criminology 12-14 | Questions and Answers According to legal scholar, Morris Cohen, why should victimless crimes be criminally prohibited? a. Because then moral crusaders would not get to define the law b. Because victimless crimes are highly immoral just like "street crimes." c. Because one of the functions of criminal law is to express the public's shared sense of morality d. Because victimless crimes cause social harm and all acts that cause social harm are criminally prohibited REFERENCES: Law and Morality According to the theory of social harm, immoral acts can be distinguished from crimes on the basis of the ____they cause. a. social outrage b. injury c. financial loss d. depravity REFERENCES: The Theory of Social Harm People who seek to control or criminalize deviant behaviors in accordance with their own way of thinking are called ______. a. moralists. b. moral entrepreneurs c. power seekers d. social activists REFERENCES: The Theory of Social Harm The movement to ban gay marriage in California that led to the passage of Proposition 8 is an example of a/an _____. a. moral crusade. b. religious policy. c. ethical mandate. d. social campaign. REFERENCES: The Theory of Social Harm Which of the following statements is accurate? a. Societies usually encourage behaviors that lawmakers consider dangerous. b. The line between behaviors that are immoral and those that are criminal are often blurred. c. People with religious beliefs rarely engage in moral crusades. d. Most behaviors are declared criminal before they are deemed immoral. REFERENCES: The Theory of Social Harm __________ refers to the rubbing against or touching of a nonconsenting adult in a crowd. a. Exhibitionism b. Frotteurism c. Pedophilia d. Voyeurism REFERENCES: Paraphilias Of all the commonly practiced paraphilias, which causes the general public the most concern? a. Pedophilia b. Frotteurism c. Sadomasochism d. Exhibitionism REFERENCES: Paraphilias Your neighbor obtains sexual pleasure from spying on strangers while they disrobe. This neighbor is a/an ______. a. exhibitionist. b. frotteurist. c. pedophile. d. voyeur. REFERENCES: Paraphilias Attaining sexual pleasure through sexual activity with prepubescent children is referred to as ______. a. frotteurism b. pedophilia c. voyeurism d. sadomasochism REFERENCES: Paraphilias _________is a disturbing behavior whereby men travel overseas to places such as Thailand in order to engage in illicit sexual behavior with young girls who have been sold into prostitution. a. Pedophilia tourism b. Pedophilia trafficking c. Sex tourism d. Sex trafficking REFERENCES: Prostitution Modern commercial sex appears to have its roots in ancient _____ where Solon established licensed brothels in 500 BC. a. Rome b. Greece c. Mesopotamia d. Persia REFERENCES: Prostitution Which of the following is not a condition present in a commercial sexual transaction? a. Activity that has sexual significance for the customer b. Economic transaction c. Felonious violence d. Emotional indifference REFERENCES: Prostitution Which category of prostitute is believed to be responsible for the recent upsurge in prostitution? a. Bar girls b. Tooters c. Call girls d. Cyberprostitutes REFERENCES: Prostitution International trafficking in prostitution flourishes. Hundreds of thousands of children and women, primarily from _________, are abducted or lured by the promise of good jobs and, instead, end up in the sex trade in industrialized countries including the United States. a. Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe b. Western Europe and South Africa c. South Africa and Southeast Asia d. Eastern Europe and South Africa REFERENCES: Prostitution The aristocrats of prostitution are _____ who charge customers thousands of dollars per night and who may net over 200,000 dollars per year. a. streetwalkers b. circuit travelers c. Ehookers d. call girls REFERENCES: Prostitution Which category of prostitute is considered the least attractive, lowest paid, and most vulnerable, regardless of whether the prostitute is male or female? a. Brothel prostitutes b. Streetwalkers c. Escorts d. Circuit travelers REFERENCES: Prostitution What was the significance of the Mann Act of 1925? a. It prohibited bringing women into the country for the purpose of prostitution. b. It made the possession and distribution of cocaine, a drug previously used as a pain reliever, a federal crime. c. It set the standard for obscenity in cases involving pornography. d. It made prostitution legal in three counties within the state of Nevada. REFERENCES: Prostitution After World War I, prostitution became associated with ____, and the desire to protect young servicemen from harm helped to end all experiments with legalization in the United States. a. organized crime b. immorality c. violence d. disease REFERENCES: Prostitution Prostitution is illegal in all states except Nevada where licensed and highly regulated brothels can operate as business enterprises in ______. a. rural counties b. hotel casinos c. Las Vegas and Reno d. private residences REFERENCES: Prostitution What does research indicate about the effects of legalizing prostitution? a. Legalization leads to zoned areas where prostitution is cordoned off from suburban neighborhoods. b. Legalization results in lower pay but increased freedom for prostitutes. c. Legalization protects women from violence, verbal abuse, and physical injuries. d. Legalization leads to massive expansion of the trade, both legal and illegal. REFERENCES: Prostitution Feminists' sexual equality view considers the prostitute a victim of ______. a. child sexual abuse b. economic circumstances c. male dominance d. personal choices REFERENCES: Prostitution Which of the following is a contention of opponents of pornography? a. Pornography has increased racism in the United States. b. Pornography is allowable if sold only in adult book stores. c. Pornography serves to encourage women to enter pornographic industries. d. Pornography degrades both the people who are participants and the public who are sometimes forced to see it. REFERENCES: Pornography Which of the following is not true about pornography a. Legal restrictions have made the prosecution of possession of pornography difficult especially for material involving children b. The scientific evidence linking pornography to violence is mixed. c. Sexually explicit films make up 15-30 percent of the home rental market. d. The Court redefined its measure of obscenity in the case of Miller v. California. REFERENCES: Pornography Obscenity is derived from the Latin word caenum that means _____________. a. perversion b. filth c. illegal d. twisted REFERENCES: Pornography The __________ Amendment right to free speech makes legal control of pornography quite difficult. a. First b. Second c. Fourth d. Sixth REFERENCES: Pornography Tying drug use to factors such as racial prejudice, low self-esteem, poor socioeconomic status, and the high levels of mistrust, negativism, and defiance found in impoverished areas describes which causal explanation of drug use? a. Social learning b. Psychological view c. Subcultural view d. Problem behavior syndrome REFERENCES: Substance Abuse Problem behavior syndrome contends that ______. a. genetics hold the key to addiction b. the neighborhood is the primary determinant of substance abuse c. substance abuse is linked to impaired cognitive functioning d. substance abuse is just one of many problem behaviors REFERENCES: Substance Abuse Border patrols are examples of ________ strategies aimed at stopping drug use. a. rehabilitation b. interdiction c. restorative d. diversion REFERENCES: Substance Abuse Which issue presents an obstacle to controlling drugs via source control strategies? a. The drug trade is an important source of foreign revenue and source control undermines third-world economies. b. The amount of foreign grown narcotics is so vast that even if 75 percent of the opium market were destroyed, the United States would still require only 10 percent of the remainder to sustain its drug trade. c. Even if the government of one nation were willing to cooperate in vigorous drug suppression efforts, other nations would be eager to cash in on the drug trade void. d. These are all issues that present obstacles to controlling drugs via source control strategies. REFERENCES: Substance Abuse Ethan Nadelmann argues that drugs should be legalized because ______. a. legalization will increase the price of drugs making it too costly for people to use drugs. b. the use of mood-altering substances is customary in almost all human societies. c. taxes the government could charge on drugs would help pay for drug prevention and treatment. d. we should be free. REFERENCES: Substance Abuse Gloria is a 22-year-old woman from Florida who is attempting to finish college. She is studying to become a nurse. She began dancing as an exotic dancer at a gentlemen's club when she turned 20 to help pay for her tuition. ANSWER the following questions. After dancing for roughly a year, Gloria heard several of the other girls talk about prostitution. Gloria believed she could make more money by being both an exotic dancer and as an escort. Her belief most likely fits the view of prostitution called the ___________. a. free choice view b. sexual equality view c. sexual inequality view d. rational choice view REFERENCES: Prostitution One of Gloria's regular clients likes to participate in an outlawed paraphilia that involves deriving pleasure from receiving pain from Gloria and inflicting pain on her as well. This is called _______. a. sadomasochism b. exhibitionism c. frotteurism d. voyeurism REFERENCES: Paraphilias Gloria would most likely fit into which category of prostitute? a. Bar girl b. Brothel prostitute c. Call girl d. Street walker REFERENCES: Prostitution The theft and/or destruction of information, resources, or funds via computers, computer networks, or the Internet. a. Cybercrime b. Organized crime c. Connected crime d. Technology crime REFERENCES: Crime in the Cyber Age Which of the following is not true about the "cyber age" according to the text? a. Facebook reached 10 million users in 2015. b. There are over 500 million tweets a day. c. Nearly 4 billion industries use email. d. Over 190 billion email messages are sent daily. REFERENCES: Crime in the Cyber Age Malicious attacks aimed at disrupting, defacing, and destroying technology.