Nursing Research Test 1 (Ch 1-6) | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

Nursing Research Test 1 (Ch 1-6) | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) One of the primary foundations for evidence-based nursing practice is A. Medical knowledge. B. Research results. C. Everyday health care. D. Textbook information Within the process of providing evidence-based nursing care, which types of research results are incorporated to ascertain the plan of treatment? A. Personal experiences and medical knowledge B. Client values and medical knowledge C. Personal experiences and client values D. Medical knowledge and identified challenges As a novice nurse on a medical-surgical hospital unit, you want to get involved in a research study that is being proposed for your unit. Because your hospital is involved with evidence-based nursing practice, which aspects of EBP are essential for you to have? A. Sound bedside nursing skills B. Basic knowledge of your unit C. Method for accessing published information D. Fundamental safety knowledge Which of the EBP components carries the greatest weight in determining the management of the clinical situation? A. Thought process B. Client preferences C. Research D. The situation Evidence comes in many forms. Examples of the data that could best be utilized for EBP are A. Quality improvement data and integrated reviews. B. Integrated reviews and non-peer-reviewed journal articles. C. Collegial relationships and lay journals. D. Verbal data and practice guidelines. When developing a question to drive the compilation of evidence for a specific practice situation, the five components that can be used to focus the investigation are A. Patient, situation, intervention, comparison, and practice. B. Situation, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time. C. Patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time. D. Patient, situation, intervention, outcome, and data. A nurse working in a cancer follow-up setting has been asked to consider the development of a transition program to help young people adjust to the adult program. The initial question suggested for use in focusing the identification of evidence is "What is it like to have care transferred from a pediatric center to an adult clinic?" Which aspects of this question need to be strengthened to make it more searchable? A. Population and outcome B. Population and intervention C. Intervention and outcome D. Comparison and outcome Research utilization has often been A. Neglected in the literature. B. Denied by publishers. C. Reported in the literature. D. Spurned by EBP. Obstacles to using nursing research in practice include lack of A. Education, beliefs/attitudes, and support/resources. B. Faculty, knowledge, and cost. C. Time, beliefs/attitudes, and consumers. D. Outcomes, values, and motivation. As a nurse on a medical-surgical hospital unit, you begin to question the amount of time your hospital policy requires for taking a patient's oral temperature. Your hospital uses an EBP approach to nursing care. Which hospital resources would you expect to be able to connect with to assist with the accessing of a computer? A. Ward clerk or CNA B. Doctor or lawyer C. Charge nurse or supervisor D. Librarian or library You are a BSN-prepared nurse who wants to initiate a research project on your unit. To get the other nurses to participate, you would A. Ask the doctors what they think. B. Check the educational level of other nurses on the unit. C. Ignore your desire to learn more at this time. D. Give a presentation to your peers on the benefits of research. In the past, nurses were often taught that while research might be a good thing to do, only faculty could do research because A. Faculty members are the only ones prepared to do research. B. Most nurses have not been taught research. C. Most nurses don't need to use research. D. Faculty members know what's best for nursing. Many nurses don't understand research because A. Research isn't necessary for their practice. B. Most nurses are too old. C. Research is like a foreign language. D. Patients don't expect them to use research. Research is often not valued because A. It costs too much. B. Administration wants it. C. Search engines are easy to access. D. Staffing is not an obstacle. Nurses have a responsibility to use research because A. Doctors order it done. B. Administrators don't have time for research. C. Research is nice to know. D. Research is the "hallmark of a profession." The ACA, IOM/RWJF and Carnegie Foundation reports are national movements to A. Reaffirm current nursing practice. B. Ignore current nursing practice. C. Transform current nursing practice. D. Eliminate current nursing practice. What type of evidence is paramount to use when providing health care? A. Outcomes based on the unique situation B. Opinions held by multiple individuals C. Research is the only form of evidence D. The weight of the evidence is not as important as the amount Four aspects which are included in evidence-based practice are A. Research, decision-making processes, time, and patient preferences. B. Evidence, decision-making processes, clinical setting, and patient mix. C. Evidence, decision-making processes, nursing experiences, and holistic patient care. D. Research, nursing process, nursing experiences, and nursing care. What aspect within the process of evidence-based practice controls the path of the literature review? A. Determination of the question B. Use of MeSH terms C. Location of adequate research articles D. Determination of a rating system to be used Quality improvement activities result in what type of changes? A. Generalizable B. Global C. Broad, dynamic D. Local, regional Whether the evidence is gained by research or other sources, the information must be scrutinized for A. Uniqueness. B. Individuality. C. Validity. D. Reliability. The research role of the baccalaureate degree nurse includes A. Identifying clinical problems that require investigation, assisting experienced investigators to gain access to clinical sites, and collecting data. B. Creating a climate in the practice setting that promotes scholarly inquiry, scientific integrity, and scientific investigation of clinical nursing problems. C. Collaborating with experienced investigators in proposal development, data collection, data analysis, and interpretation of results. D. Providing leadership in integrating research into practice. Potential areas of nursing research identified by the National Institute for Nursing Research include A. Stem cell research. B. Application of pharmaceuticals in clinical practice. C. Chronic illness, health promotion, disease prevention, and end-of-life care. D. Healthcare literacy. The Nursing Studies Index, the first annotated index of nursing research, was the work of A. Florence Nightingale. B. Virginia Henderson. C. Marita Titler. D. Dorothea Orem. The type of knowing which considers the emotions and awareness of beauty and art is called A. Empirics. B. Aesthetics. C. Ethical. D. Personal. The American Nurses Association position statement acknowledges that A. Researchers identify clinical problems and study them. B. Faculty members identify clinical problems and study them. C. Clinicians identify clinical problems and researchers design them. D. Faculty members and researchers identify clinical problems and study them. When the information is presented as a close examination of individuals, transactions, solutions, events, and projects, the type of evidence is listed as A. Case studies. B. Opinions. C. Editorials. D. Observations. Which of the different rating scales serves to address the clinical routine aspect of EBP? A. Turning Research into Practice (TRIP) B. Joanna Briggs Institute's FAME C. AHRQ strength of the evidence tool D. SUNY Downstate Medical Center's pyramid Information provided as feelings, convictions, and/or values are designated as which form of evidence? A. Editorials B. Observations C. Ideas D. Opinions Clinical pathways are developed by A. Nursing teams. B. Physician teams. C. Educator teams. D. Multidisciplinary teams. The ONS method, the Putting Evidence into Practice (PEP) schema is used to A. Identify the research that was used in the process. B. Rate the collective evidence that supports a recommendation. C. Establish the risk and/or benefit of an activity. D. Rank the research articles for use with a guideline. A bundle is a group of interventions related to a disease or care process that A. Results in better outcomes than when the interventions are implemented together. B. Results in diverse outcomes when the interventions are implemented individually. C. Results in confusing information about a single disease or care process. D. Provides insufficient evidence to alter clinical practice related to individualized interventions. When the evidence is understood to represent the outcome resulting from the discussion by a majority of the participants, it is what type of evidence? A. Editorials B. Observations C. Expert opinions D. Consensus The first issue of Nursing Research was published in A. 1858 B. 1952 C. 1985 D. 1992 Professional care models give nurses A. Accountability. B. Authority. C. Responsibility. D. All of the above. What reason is key for using a level of evidence hierarchy to rate evidence considered for EBP reviews? A. Understanding what is in the evidence B. Clarifying that only research evidence is used C. Determining the risk and benefit of the research D. Categorizing the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence The AHRQ tool for evaluating the strength of the evidence is used to determine A. The anticipated benefit and/or harm to the patient. B. Only the benefit for the nurse. C. Gaps and consistencies in the research. D. The harm for the nurse. Best practice is an excellent example of which kind of testing? A. Cognitive B. Reality C. Didactic D. Evaluation Best practices in nursing can be defined as A. A well-written plan of nursing care. B. A systems approach to nursing care. C. Nursing actions that produce desirable patient outcomes. D. A way for nurses to justify their care. The four types of knowing are designated as A. Deontology, empiric, clinical, and aesthetics. B. Empirics, aesthetics, ethical, and personal. C. Facts, opinions, case studies, and consensus. D. Decision making, clinical, ethical, and client. Basic research is also known as bench research and is defined as research to gain knowledge for A. Use in academia. B. Use in clinical practice. C. Knowledge's sake. D. Use in biochemistry. Sources for nursing research come primarily from two sources: A. Business and occupational settings. B. Academic and healthcare settings. C. Both urban and rural settings. D. Pharmaceutical and business settings. The AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation) Collaboration tool is used to A. Grade the evidence used within the guideline. B. Score the research articles to be used for a guideline. C. Establish the anticipated benefit and/or harm of the guideline. D. Provide an additional tool to be used at the bedside. Applied research builds a body of knowledge for nursing practice because it is the basis of A. Evidence-based practice. B. Clinical pathways. C. Nursing process. D. Nursing diagnosis. The Institute of Medicine's publication Keeping Patients Safe focuses on A. Building a safer health system. B. Processes to report medication errors. C. Transforming the work environment for nurses. D. Healthcare reform. Theories are A. A guide for research and practice. B. Considered to be a specific explanation of an idea. C. Not essential to research or EBP. D. Static and do not change over time. The research process allows for A. The best method to address the problems. B. Little comparison of outcomes. C. Limited measures of evaluation. D. Extra time for the nurse at the bedside. QA/QI data are now considered A. Valid research to guide practice. B. Valid evidence to guide practice. C. Generalizable to all practice. D. Unlimited to any practice. When developing a nursing research project, why is it important to remember the ethical constraints? A. The study will not be approved by the institutional review board without these constraints. B. The protection of human subjects underlies all human research projects. C. The results will not be trustworthy and replicable. D. The nurse researcher will not be able to get funding for the project and, therefore, will not be able to complete the project. The atrocities performed on prisoners in Nazi Germany violated which ethical principles? A. Value of life, justice, and respect B. Beneficence, nonmaleficence, and value of life C. Autonomy, nonmaleficence, and respect D. Justice, autonomy, and nonmaleficence Protection of vulnerable individuals is a critical ethical component in human research studies. How did Edward Jenner fail to meet this standard when he tested swinepox on his 1-year-old son? A. He thought the new knowledge overrode any concern he should have for the rights of his son. B. He did not know any better. C. He ignored the point that he could not get informed consent from his son, who was particularly vulnerable. D. Given that smallpox was such a lethal disease at that time, it was better for Jenner to ignore his son's vulnerability so to gain new knowledge. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study lasted many years, and none of the human subjects were properly informed about the study's conduct. Which ethical principle was egregiously ignored in this study? A. Autonomy B. Respect C. Nonmaleficence D. Justice Why does an ethical research environment assist with ensuring scientific integrity? A. Within this environment, expectations for scientific integrity are laid out. B. Federal regulations related to ethical standards are adhered to, increasing the likelihood of integrity. C. The researcher always works within an ethical environment, which encourages the practice of ethical research behaviors. D. Scientific integrity ensures funding, which means that the study will be completed. Why do federal regulations specify that the makeup of the institutional review board should reflect cultural and gender diversity and an awareness of local mores? A. This practice ensures that all research projects presented to the IRB will receive fair examination and not be denied without discussion. B. Gender studies have not been common until recently, and females react differently to different treatments. C. Awareness of local customs and culture means that both IRB members and researchers understand issues of concern in a non-American population. D. There is now great interest in researching healthcare issues in persons of different cultures. Why is it important that the researcher be competent to conduct research? A. It is not ethically appropriate for an incompetent person to conduct research. B. An incompetent researcher will not be able to get informed consent from the vulnerable subject, which is unethical. C. An incompetent researcher should always work with someone who is competent, so that he or she can learn the process. D. Research is a complicated process that has to be learned. What is the issue of greatest concern when developing a research project? A. The competence of the researcher to do the research B. The availability of funding C. The protection of the vulnerable subject D. Informed consent A Certificate of Confidentiality may be required to protect both the researched and the researcher. Why? A. The nurse researcher will not lose his or her license to practice and do research because of the sensitive topic being researched. B. If the research topic is particularly sensitive, this certificate protects patients from divulging issues uncomfortable to them. C. The certificate protects the researcher and the researched from being coerced by governmental authorities to reveal sensitive information. D. The certificate means that no information is shared with those who should not be informed.