PSYCH 343 Test 1 | Complete Solutions (Answered)

PSYCH 343 Test 1 | Complete Solutions (Answered) The APA hired a team to calculate the amount of children that have ADHD at a specific time. The team is calculating... A. lifetime prevalence B. specific prevalence C. point prevalence D. positive prevalence Researchers conducted a meta analysis and discovered that 12% of children struggled with OCD from childhood through adolescence. The researchers discovered the... A. lifetime prevalence B. specific prevalence C. point prevalence D. positive prevalence ___________ is the percentage of new cases of a given disorder each year. A. point prevalence B. incidence C. clinical rate D. presence Which of the following statement is true about point prevalence? A. point prevalence will always be greater than lifetime prevalence B. point prevalence can never be greater than lifetime prevalence C. only lifetime prevalence measures the percentage of people with a disorder at each age. D. only point prevalence measures the severity of people's disorders. Compared to children and adolescents with other disorders, those with anxiety disorders... A. were most likely to receive treatment B. were least likely to receive treatment C. were most likely to receive psychotropic medication D. were most likely to be from low-SES backgrounds Which of the following is true of comorbidity? A. It is rare. B. It refers to the experience of having one disorder, fully recovering, then having another disorder. C. It is present in almost half of children with mental illness. D. It is much more common in children than in adolescents. What is NOT a reason that prevalence rates vary so much? A. studies use different methods to collect data B. the use of questionnaires C. there is no single agency that tracks the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescence D. practical problems What is the overall prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents in the US? A. 10-15% B. 15-40% C. 20-50% D. 40-55% Which of the following best describes the prevalence rates of mental disorders? A. autism spectrum disorder has roughly the same prevalence across all ethnic groups in the US B. the prevalence of some disorders, such as anxiety disorders, are higher among White children than among non-White children C. all childhood psychological disorders so far studied are more prevalent among African American and Latino children compared to White children D. the prevalence of conduct problem is highest among Latino children, compared to those of other ethnic groups 1. there are practical problems (EX: people not understanding questions on surveys, costly, time consuming) 2. there is no single agency that tracks the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescence 3. studies use different methods to collect data These are all examples of... why prevalence rates vary so much between studies How many children and adolescents receive intervention for mental disorders? A. kids: 33%, adolescents: 25% B. kids: 21%, adolescents: 33% C. kids: 45%, adolescents: 60% D. kids: 51%, adolescents: 45% ________ (older/younger) children respond better to behavioral therapy while ________ (older/younger) children respond better to talk therapy younger, older compared to children and adolescents with other disorder, those with anxiety disorders.... A. were most likely to receive treatment B. were least likely to receive treatment C. were most likely to receive psychotropic medication D. were mostly likely to be from low-SES backgrounds Which is true regarding comorbidity? A. it is rare B. it refers to the experience of having one disorder, fully recovering, then having another disorder C. it is present in almost half of children with mental illness Which is NOT a barrier to intervention? A. finances B. worse sense of community C. stigma D. absence of well-trained clinicians While the prevalence of disorders has ________ (decreased/increased) over time, the rate of intervention has _______ (decreased/increased) over time increased, increased The DSM-5 defines a mental disorder as: A. syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbances in cognitive behavior and emotional regulation, reflects a dysfunction in their psychological, biological, and developmental processes underlying mental function, and is usually associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or other activities B. a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. It is usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks C. to a wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior D. tendency to unpredictable behavior or erratic changes of mood or behavior Probabilistic epigenesis is: A. a concept from Star Trek B. the belief that development is characterized by distinct levels of anaylsis that do not interact C. the belief that genes determine the psychopathological outcome of a child D. the belief that different levels of analysis, such as brain structure and peer relationships, interact to shape children's developmental outcomes Which of the following is NOT represent in socioeconomic status (SES)? A. parents' reputation in the community B. parents' level of education C. parents' employment D. family income Stephanie learned to use muscles in her hand to pinch the pointer finger and thumb together around 6 months. Around 3 years old, used that earlier skill as she learned how to tie she shoes. This is an example of what principle? A. probabilistic epigenesis B. hierarchical development C. functional analysis of behavior D. efficacy Jane and Nancy are cousins that grew up in the same neighborhood. Their families have low income, they went to the same schools, and both have 3 siblings. In early adulthood, Jane got raped and developed PTSD. She moved back in with her parents and got a job at the local grocery store. Nancy decided to go to a community college, graduated, and now works as a middle school math teacher. Jane and Nancy exemplifies the concept of... A. heterotypic B. equifinality C. multifinality D. homotypic Ted comes from a family with high SES. He has 2 brothers and lives in a small town in California. Amy is from inner city Detroit. She was raised by a single dad who worked 2 jobs. Ted and Amy both developed social anxiety disorder around age 19. This is an example of... A. heterotypic B. equifinality C. multifinality D. homotypic Betsy was diagnosed with social anxiety disorder in childhood. If Betsy experiences homotypic continuity, which of the following is most likely to be true of her in adolescence? A. Betsy would no longer have anxiety symptoms B. Betsy would still be diagnosed with social anxiety disorder C. Betsy would still have anxiety, but her symptoms might change over time such that a different diagnostic label for anxiety is more appropriate D. Betsy would be likely to meet criteria for multiple anxiety disorders Sage was diagnosed with childhood onset schizophrenia. If she has heteroptypic continuity, which is most likely to be true of her adolescent experience? A. Sage would be likely to meet criteria for a different disorder B. Sage would still have schizophrenia, but symptoms will change through adolescents C. Sage would still meet criteria for childhood onset schizophrenia D. Sage would no longer have schizophrenia T/F Parents with lower SES are less likely to pass down genes with mental disorders False __________ include low SES, dangerous/high crime neighborhood, inadequate educational opportunity, being rejected by peers or an association with deviant peers, and discrimination A. protective factors B. resilience C. risk factors D. addative factors Peer acceptance, close friends, involvement in prosocial activities, relationships with adult mentors, and adequate educational opportunities are all included in... A. protective factors B. resilience C. risk factors D. addative factors ________ occurs when children develop behavioral, emotional, and social competencies despite the presence of multiple risk factors A. scientific research B. adaptability C. treatment D. resilience Which is not one of the three factors the is considered by evidence-based practice? A. scientific research B. empirical observations C. clinical expertise D. patient characteristics ________ is at least two, large randomized controlled studies, conducted by independent researchers, showing treatment is better than placebo A. evidence-based practice B. gene-environment correlations C. well-established treatment D. resiliece Donna is studying the Dome family. Mr. Dome has OCD and Donna is studying to see if any of his children share the same disorder or symptoms. What is a potential downfall of this type of study? A. the population of parents Donna is studying may skew the study, as they are normally high SES and are less likely to have mental illness B. twin affects may interfere with measurement attempts, creating error C. it does not adequately control for environmental effects D. nurture is more of a factor than nature While adoption studies' sample may be skewed, due to the certain high SES of the parents who adopt, this is considered a strength or goal... A. since children are separated from their biological families shortly after birth, researchers can account for difference between siblings B. since children are separated from their biological families shortly after birth, if behavior is influenced by environment, we see children show greater similarity to their adoptive parents than their biological parents C. they can compare biological parents to their adoptive parents, analyzing the reinforcement pattern between each D. they can compare the incidence rate of mental illness in the adoptive family and the genes from the child's family _______ compare the concordance between monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins A. family studies B. adoption studies C. sibling studies D. twin studies the main idea of the gene-environment correlation is... A. our genes and environment interact and influence behavior B. at times, we see clinicians assign symptoms on a gene-environmental spectrum C. sometimes we select environments that complement our genotype D. the way our phenotype manifest them self Dave's parents are highly intelligent and may have passed some of those genes to him. Dave's parents also have better access to higher quality medical care, provide him with nutritious meals, give him better child care, and send him to better schools. Dave's intelligence is an example of... A. active gene-environment correlation B. evocative gene-environment correlation C. mature gene-environment correlation D. passive gene-environment correlation A child starts developing and is intelligent. At school, it becomes evident that he has well-developed verbal skills, learn more quickly than his peers, and performs tasks and assignments independently. His teacher identifies him as "gifted" and provides him with more educational experiences like accelerated classes. This is an example of which gene-environment correlation? A. active gene-environment correlation B. evocative gene-environment correlation C. mature gene-environment correlation D. passive gene-environment correlation ___________ means that as children continue to develop, they actively select environmental experiences conducive to their genotype A. active gene-environment correlation B. evocative gene-environment correlation C. mature gene-environment correlation D. passive gene-environment correlation Which of the following is true of synaptic pruning? A. after birth, the biggest period of synaptic pruning happens around age 10 B. it is a waste of neural connections C. it allows the brain process information more efficiently D. it is always associated with psychopathology Which of the following is true within operant conditioning? A. reinforcement always increases the frequency of a behavior and punishment always decreases the frequency B. positive reinforcement and positive punishment are effective, but negative reinforcement is ineffective C. negative reinforcement and punishment decrease behaviors and positive reinforcement increases behaviors D. positive punishment is an oxymoron Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic functions of the parent-child attachment relationship? A. to promote modeling of basic motoric functions B. to protect the young child from danger C. to provide pairs of people with an avenue for sharing positive emotional experiences D. to help the infant learn how to regulate negative emotions and behaviors ________ seeks to understand the relationships between the expression of genes and behavior A. synaptic pruning B. twin studies C. behavioral epigenetics D. stereotypies Match the lobes to their functions 1. occipital lobe 2. temporal lobe 3. frontal lobe A. executive functioning, planning, prioritizing, memory, problem solving B. visual processing C. hearing, language 1B (occipital lobe: visual processing) 2C (temporal lobe: hearing, language) 3A (frontal lobe: executive functioning) the __________ controls things like balance and coordinating motor activity A. limbic system B. cerebellum C. parietal lobe D. brain stem the _________ contributes to the understanding and expression of emotions A. limbic system B. cerebellum C. medulla D. brain stem As Tyra develops, there is an increase in the number of neurons and neural connections happen in her brain. This occurs because of maturation and new experiences she has. This is an example of... A. behavioral epigenetics B. plasticity C. synaptogenesis D. neural growth Daniel is learning to recognize and control the expression of feelings. It is important for long term goals like making friends and succeeding in school. This is an example of... A. temperament B. personality C. emotional regulation D. dimensional emotions Sara parents report symptoms of chronic irritability and severe outbursts. Sara may be having problems with A. behavioral control B. ADHD C. parenting styles D. emotional regulation Which is NOT a dimension of temperament as identified by Chess, Thomas, and Birch (1965)? A. the infant's attention span B. the regularity of the infant's eating, sleeping, and daily schedules C. the infant's intensity of responses to new stimuli D. the infant's response to familiar people and situations Damion's new baby maintains feeding and sleeping schedules and is soothed easily when she gets upset. What kind of temperament does Damion's baby have? A. easy B. hard C. difficult D. slow-to-warm-up Jessie is an infant. She shows low levels of activity and emotions when she interact with her parents. She is a little apprehensive when confronted with new people and is slower to adapt to changes. What kind of temperament does Jessie have? A. easy B. hard C. difficult D. slow-to-warm-up T/F having a certain temperament may put a child at greater risk for certain disorders, but is not a determining factor True The _______ is the main study/design best known for identifying types of attachment strange situations A child with a/an ______ attachment shows a lot of distress when separated from a parent. When they are reunited with that parent, they switch between seeking and resisting caregiver's support A. secure B. insecure C. insecure-avoidant D. insecure-ambivalent When a child has a/an _____ attachment is separated from a parent, they cry. When they are reunited, the child is passive and ignores the parent A. secure B. insecure C. insecure-avoidant D. insecure-ambivalent List the amount of demandingness and responsiveness from each parenting style authoritarian: demanding but not responsive authoritative: demanding and responsive indulgent: responsive but not demanding univolved: not demanding or responsive Brian subscribes to the theory that around each child is a concentric, nested system, each progressively more distal from the child. What model would Brian most likely agree with?