FANAROFF CHAPTER 84 QUIZ WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
TEF is higher in white or nonwhite population? - ✔✔white
TEF has slight predominance in males or females? - ✔✔males
T/F? Although usually sporadic, most cases of TEF are not isolated; up
to 70% have at least one other anomaly - ✔✔TRUE
associated syndromes with TEF? - ✔✔Trisomy 13, 18, or 21
Pierre-Robin
DiGeorge
Fanconi
Polysplenia syndrome
,The most widely recognized relationship between TEF and other
congenital anomalies is within the constellation of defects referred to
as? - ✔✔VACTERL association
What does VACTERL stand for? - ✔✔V - vertebral defects
A - anorectal defects
C - cardiac abnormalities
T - Tracheoesophageal fistula
R - renal abnormalities
L - Limb syndrome
GI anomalies associated with TEF? - ✔✔duodenal atresia, jejunoileal
atresia, intestinal malrotation, annular pancreas, abdominal wall
defects, CDH
most common TEF variant? - ✔✔combination of proximal esophageal
atresia and a distal tracheoesophageal fistula
,An isolated TEF is often referred to as an ________; the fistula itself is
usually angled downward, with the esophageal end inferior to the
tracheal end - ✔✔H-type fistula
Normal development of the esophagus and trachea includes the
formation of a primordial lung bud as a diverticulum of the ventral
foregut during the ________ week of gestation; The appearance of this
diverticulum is associated with a pair of lateral infoldings of the
foregut—the laryngotracheal folds—which begin at the caudal end of
the lung bud and fuse to form the _________ - ✔✔4th
tracheoesophageal septum
Many cases of TEF are not diagnosed prenatally, but the combination of
maternal _________ and _________ has both sensitivity and positive
predictive value in 40-60% - ✔✔polyhydramnios
, small or absent stomach
The finding of ________ on ultrasonography or MRI can increase
diagnostic accuracy of TEF - ✔✔dilated upper pouch
The infant cannot swallow secretions and appears to drool excessively -
✔✔TEF
As the upper pouch fills, antegrade aspiration may occur, leading to
significant coughing, respiratory distress, and cyanosis - ✔✔TEF
In patients with a distal fistula, the stomach may dilate with air, leading
to the reflux of gastric secretions back into the lungs, resulting in
significant and progressive respiratory distress caused by reactive
bronchoconstriction and chemical pneumonitis - ✔✔TEF
What is usually diagnostic for TEF? - ✔✔Attempted passage of a gastric
tube; The tube fails to pass distally and extrudes back through the
mouth
COMPLETE ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
TEF is higher in white or nonwhite population? - ✔✔white
TEF has slight predominance in males or females? - ✔✔males
T/F? Although usually sporadic, most cases of TEF are not isolated; up
to 70% have at least one other anomaly - ✔✔TRUE
associated syndromes with TEF? - ✔✔Trisomy 13, 18, or 21
Pierre-Robin
DiGeorge
Fanconi
Polysplenia syndrome
,The most widely recognized relationship between TEF and other
congenital anomalies is within the constellation of defects referred to
as? - ✔✔VACTERL association
What does VACTERL stand for? - ✔✔V - vertebral defects
A - anorectal defects
C - cardiac abnormalities
T - Tracheoesophageal fistula
R - renal abnormalities
L - Limb syndrome
GI anomalies associated with TEF? - ✔✔duodenal atresia, jejunoileal
atresia, intestinal malrotation, annular pancreas, abdominal wall
defects, CDH
most common TEF variant? - ✔✔combination of proximal esophageal
atresia and a distal tracheoesophageal fistula
,An isolated TEF is often referred to as an ________; the fistula itself is
usually angled downward, with the esophageal end inferior to the
tracheal end - ✔✔H-type fistula
Normal development of the esophagus and trachea includes the
formation of a primordial lung bud as a diverticulum of the ventral
foregut during the ________ week of gestation; The appearance of this
diverticulum is associated with a pair of lateral infoldings of the
foregut—the laryngotracheal folds—which begin at the caudal end of
the lung bud and fuse to form the _________ - ✔✔4th
tracheoesophageal septum
Many cases of TEF are not diagnosed prenatally, but the combination of
maternal _________ and _________ has both sensitivity and positive
predictive value in 40-60% - ✔✔polyhydramnios
, small or absent stomach
The finding of ________ on ultrasonography or MRI can increase
diagnostic accuracy of TEF - ✔✔dilated upper pouch
The infant cannot swallow secretions and appears to drool excessively -
✔✔TEF
As the upper pouch fills, antegrade aspiration may occur, leading to
significant coughing, respiratory distress, and cyanosis - ✔✔TEF
In patients with a distal fistula, the stomach may dilate with air, leading
to the reflux of gastric secretions back into the lungs, resulting in
significant and progressive respiratory distress caused by reactive
bronchoconstriction and chemical pneumonitis - ✔✔TEF
What is usually diagnostic for TEF? - ✔✔Attempted passage of a gastric
tube; The tube fails to pass distally and extrudes back through the
mouth
