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Animal Health
☆ Disease - Any deviation from normal health in which there are marked notable
physiological, atomical, or chemical changes in the body
Major Types of Diseases
1. Non-Infectious - A disease which results from injury, genetic abnormalities, ingestion,
ingestion of toxic materials, poor nutrition.
2. Infectious - Caused by microorganisms (such as bacteria, a virus, or a protozoa)
2a- Infectious Contagious - Spreads from one individual to another
2b. Infectious Non-Contagious - Not spreadable from one animal to another
3. Prevention
3a. Most important aspect of herd health management
3b. Components of a herd health program
I - Manure or organic waste products are an ideal environment for microbial growth
II - Removing these products = A decrease in microbial growth
III - Antiseptics and disinfectants can be used in a good sanitation program
IV - Antiseptics - Substances applied to animal tissue to kill or reduce the growth of
microorganisms
V - Disinfectant - Applied to non-animal tissue to kill or reduce the growth of
microorganisms
3c. Proper Nutrition
I - Undernourished animals have a weak immune system, making them more susceptible
to disease
II - Provide adequate nutrition (food, water, shelter)
3d. Use of biologicals or pharmaceuticals
I - Biologicals - class of drugs used primarily to prevent disease
II - Vaccines - Black Leg, Pinkeye, Lepto
III - Stimulate immune system to produce antibodies
1 - Antibodies - Protein molecule that circulates in the blood, which neutralizes
disease-causing microorganisms
1a. Immunity - Dependent on maternal antibodies ingested from the mothers milk
1b. Colostrum - Milk which is high in antibodies (mother’s first milk)
1c. Important that the newborn animal nurses within 6 hours after birth
1d. Colostrum is present 24-48 hours after birth
1e. Pores lining the newborn intestinal system begin to close 24-48 hours after birth
I - Newborn animals immune system is not fully developed
2 - Antigen - Portion of the vaccine that stimulates the immune system
3 - Pharmaceuticals - Drugs that are used to kill or reduce the growth of microorganisms
in the treatment of a disease or infection
3a. Found in a number of forms (paste, liquids, powder, boluses-pill)
3b. Should only be given after a specific diagnosis has been made
3c. Some pharmaceuticals are used to control both external and internal parasites
Animal Health
☆ Disease - Any deviation from normal health in which there are marked notable
physiological, atomical, or chemical changes in the body
Major Types of Diseases
1. Non-Infectious - A disease which results from injury, genetic abnormalities, ingestion,
ingestion of toxic materials, poor nutrition.
2. Infectious - Caused by microorganisms (such as bacteria, a virus, or a protozoa)
2a- Infectious Contagious - Spreads from one individual to another
2b. Infectious Non-Contagious - Not spreadable from one animal to another
3. Prevention
3a. Most important aspect of herd health management
3b. Components of a herd health program
I - Manure or organic waste products are an ideal environment for microbial growth
II - Removing these products = A decrease in microbial growth
III - Antiseptics and disinfectants can be used in a good sanitation program
IV - Antiseptics - Substances applied to animal tissue to kill or reduce the growth of
microorganisms
V - Disinfectant - Applied to non-animal tissue to kill or reduce the growth of
microorganisms
3c. Proper Nutrition
I - Undernourished animals have a weak immune system, making them more susceptible
to disease
II - Provide adequate nutrition (food, water, shelter)
3d. Use of biologicals or pharmaceuticals
I - Biologicals - class of drugs used primarily to prevent disease
II - Vaccines - Black Leg, Pinkeye, Lepto
III - Stimulate immune system to produce antibodies
1 - Antibodies - Protein molecule that circulates in the blood, which neutralizes
disease-causing microorganisms
1a. Immunity - Dependent on maternal antibodies ingested from the mothers milk
1b. Colostrum - Milk which is high in antibodies (mother’s first milk)
1c. Important that the newborn animal nurses within 6 hours after birth
1d. Colostrum is present 24-48 hours after birth
1e. Pores lining the newborn intestinal system begin to close 24-48 hours after birth
I - Newborn animals immune system is not fully developed
2 - Antigen - Portion of the vaccine that stimulates the immune system
3 - Pharmaceuticals - Drugs that are used to kill or reduce the growth of microorganisms
in the treatment of a disease or infection
3a. Found in a number of forms (paste, liquids, powder, boluses-pill)
3b. Should only be given after a specific diagnosis has been made
3c. Some pharmaceuticals are used to control both external and internal parasites
