BIOL 3000 Final Exam Test Questions
And Complete Verified Answers.
pangenesis - Answer genetic info travels from different parts of the body to reproductive organs
Epigenesis - Answer The process by which plants, animals and fungi develop from a seed, spore or egg
through a sequence of steps in which cells differentiate and organs form. (Opposes preformationism and
is often called neoformationism)
Prefomationism - Answer Miniature organisms reside in sex cells; thus all traits are inherited from one
parent.
transmission genetics - Answer focuses on how traits are passed from one generation to the next;
Relation between chromosome and heredity, the arrangement of genes on chromosomes, and gene
mapping; focuses on the individual organism.
molecular genetics - Answer Focuses on the chemical nature of the gene itself; howgenetic info is
encoded, replicated, and expressed. (gene regulation, translation, transcription, replication.)
population genetics - Answer Explores the genetic composition of groups of individual members of the
same species (populations) and how that composition changes over time and geographic space.
cytogenetics - Answer Chromosomal biology, including structure, function, variability and disease.
what are the starting/ending products of mitosis - Answer Starting products- 1 cell (2N) Ending
products- 2 daughter cells identical to parent; 2N each.
How many chromosomes are at the start of mitosis? chromatids? - Answer 46, 92
how many chromosomes/chromatids are in prophase in mitosis? - Answer 46,92
,How many chromosomes/chromatids are there at the start of metaphase in mitosis? - Answer 46,92
how many chromosomes/chromatids are at the end of anaphase in mitosis? - Answer 92,92
how many chromosomes/chromatids are at the end of telophase in mitosis? - Answer 92,92
how many chromosomes/chromatids are at the end of mitosis? - Answer 46,46
what happens during prophase in mitosis? - Answer chromosomes become visible and the biotic
spindle forms
what happens during pro metaphase in mitosis? - Answer the disintegration of the nuclear membrane;
the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region; the microtubule anchors to the kinetochore and the
microtubules lengthen and shorten, pushing and pulling chromosomes about
metaphase (mitosis) - Answer chromosomes become arranged in a single plane along the metaphasal
plate and centromeres are at opposite ends of the cell; spindle assembly checkpoint ensure that each
chrome is aligned and attached to the spindle fibers
anaphase (mitosis) - Answer connection between sister chromatids breaks down and they separate
leaving the chromes to move to opposite poles
telophase and cytokinesis (mitosis) - Answer the nuclear membrane reforms around each set of
chromosomes producing two separate nuclei within the cell. the chromes relax and lengthen
disappearing from view
meiosis - Answer production of gametes
what are the starting and ending products of meiosis? - Answer starting: one diploid (2N) cell (germ
cell)
ending: four haploid (N) cells (gametes)
,how many chromosomes/ chromatids are there at the end of meiosis I? meiosis II? - Answer 23,46
23,23
prophase I - Answer Chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes synapse, crossing over takes
place, nuclear envelope breaks down and mitotic spindle forms.
Metaphase I - Answer Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate.
Anaphase I - Answer The two chromosomes (each with two chromatids) of each homologous pair
separate and move toward opposite poles.
Telophase I - Answer Chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles
cytokinesis (meiosis I) - Answer The cytoplasm divides to produce two cells, each having half the
original number of chromosomes.
interkinesis - Answer Spindle breaks down, chromosome relax, and a nuclear envelop re-forms, but no
DNA synthesis takes place.
Prophase II - Answer Chromosomes condense, spindle forms, nuclear envelope disintegrates.
Metaphase II - Answer Individual chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate.
Anaphase II - Answer Sister chromatids separate and move as individual chromosomes toward the
spindle poles.
Telophase II - Answer Chromosomes arrive at spindle poles; the spindle breaks down and a nuclear
envelope re-forms.
Cytokinesis (meiosis II) - Answer The cytoplasm divides.
, what happens with he chiasmata and recombination in Prophase I of meiosis I? - Answer
Chromosomes condense, pair up, and begin synapsis. Each homologous pair of synapsed chromosomes
consists of four chromatids called a bivalent or tetrad. Crossing over takes place; the centromeres of the
paired chromosomes move apart; the two homologs remain attached at each chiasma, which is the
result of crossing over
what happens in the G0 phase of the cell cycle? - Answer stable, non-dividing period of variable length
what happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - Answer growth and development of the cell; G1/S
checkpoint
what happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - Answer synthesis of DNA
what happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - Answer preparation for division; G2/M checkpoint
what happens in the M phase of the cell cycle? - Answer contains prophase through cytokinesis
in which stages is DNA replicated? - Answer S phase 4-->8 molecules/cell
Anaphase to telophase and cytokinesis 8-->4 molecules/cell
genotype - Answer set of allege possessed by an individual organism
phenotype - Answer the appearance or manifestation of a characteristic
heterozygote - Answer individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus
alleles - Answer one of two or more alternate forms of a gene
gene - Answer a genetic factor (region of Dna) that helps determine a characteristic
And Complete Verified Answers.
pangenesis - Answer genetic info travels from different parts of the body to reproductive organs
Epigenesis - Answer The process by which plants, animals and fungi develop from a seed, spore or egg
through a sequence of steps in which cells differentiate and organs form. (Opposes preformationism and
is often called neoformationism)
Prefomationism - Answer Miniature organisms reside in sex cells; thus all traits are inherited from one
parent.
transmission genetics - Answer focuses on how traits are passed from one generation to the next;
Relation between chromosome and heredity, the arrangement of genes on chromosomes, and gene
mapping; focuses on the individual organism.
molecular genetics - Answer Focuses on the chemical nature of the gene itself; howgenetic info is
encoded, replicated, and expressed. (gene regulation, translation, transcription, replication.)
population genetics - Answer Explores the genetic composition of groups of individual members of the
same species (populations) and how that composition changes over time and geographic space.
cytogenetics - Answer Chromosomal biology, including structure, function, variability and disease.
what are the starting/ending products of mitosis - Answer Starting products- 1 cell (2N) Ending
products- 2 daughter cells identical to parent; 2N each.
How many chromosomes are at the start of mitosis? chromatids? - Answer 46, 92
how many chromosomes/chromatids are in prophase in mitosis? - Answer 46,92
,How many chromosomes/chromatids are there at the start of metaphase in mitosis? - Answer 46,92
how many chromosomes/chromatids are at the end of anaphase in mitosis? - Answer 92,92
how many chromosomes/chromatids are at the end of telophase in mitosis? - Answer 92,92
how many chromosomes/chromatids are at the end of mitosis? - Answer 46,46
what happens during prophase in mitosis? - Answer chromosomes become visible and the biotic
spindle forms
what happens during pro metaphase in mitosis? - Answer the disintegration of the nuclear membrane;
the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region; the microtubule anchors to the kinetochore and the
microtubules lengthen and shorten, pushing and pulling chromosomes about
metaphase (mitosis) - Answer chromosomes become arranged in a single plane along the metaphasal
plate and centromeres are at opposite ends of the cell; spindle assembly checkpoint ensure that each
chrome is aligned and attached to the spindle fibers
anaphase (mitosis) - Answer connection between sister chromatids breaks down and they separate
leaving the chromes to move to opposite poles
telophase and cytokinesis (mitosis) - Answer the nuclear membrane reforms around each set of
chromosomes producing two separate nuclei within the cell. the chromes relax and lengthen
disappearing from view
meiosis - Answer production of gametes
what are the starting and ending products of meiosis? - Answer starting: one diploid (2N) cell (germ
cell)
ending: four haploid (N) cells (gametes)
,how many chromosomes/ chromatids are there at the end of meiosis I? meiosis II? - Answer 23,46
23,23
prophase I - Answer Chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes synapse, crossing over takes
place, nuclear envelope breaks down and mitotic spindle forms.
Metaphase I - Answer Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate.
Anaphase I - Answer The two chromosomes (each with two chromatids) of each homologous pair
separate and move toward opposite poles.
Telophase I - Answer Chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles
cytokinesis (meiosis I) - Answer The cytoplasm divides to produce two cells, each having half the
original number of chromosomes.
interkinesis - Answer Spindle breaks down, chromosome relax, and a nuclear envelop re-forms, but no
DNA synthesis takes place.
Prophase II - Answer Chromosomes condense, spindle forms, nuclear envelope disintegrates.
Metaphase II - Answer Individual chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate.
Anaphase II - Answer Sister chromatids separate and move as individual chromosomes toward the
spindle poles.
Telophase II - Answer Chromosomes arrive at spindle poles; the spindle breaks down and a nuclear
envelope re-forms.
Cytokinesis (meiosis II) - Answer The cytoplasm divides.
, what happens with he chiasmata and recombination in Prophase I of meiosis I? - Answer
Chromosomes condense, pair up, and begin synapsis. Each homologous pair of synapsed chromosomes
consists of four chromatids called a bivalent or tetrad. Crossing over takes place; the centromeres of the
paired chromosomes move apart; the two homologs remain attached at each chiasma, which is the
result of crossing over
what happens in the G0 phase of the cell cycle? - Answer stable, non-dividing period of variable length
what happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - Answer growth and development of the cell; G1/S
checkpoint
what happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - Answer synthesis of DNA
what happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - Answer preparation for division; G2/M checkpoint
what happens in the M phase of the cell cycle? - Answer contains prophase through cytokinesis
in which stages is DNA replicated? - Answer S phase 4-->8 molecules/cell
Anaphase to telophase and cytokinesis 8-->4 molecules/cell
genotype - Answer set of allege possessed by an individual organism
phenotype - Answer the appearance or manifestation of a characteristic
heterozygote - Answer individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus
alleles - Answer one of two or more alternate forms of a gene
gene - Answer a genetic factor (region of Dna) that helps determine a characteristic
