Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization
of data. In other words, it is a mathematical discipline to collect, summarize data. Also, we can
say that statistics is a branch of applied mathematics
According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, statistics is defined as “classified facts
representing the conditions of a people in a state – especially the facts that can be
stated in numbers or any other tabular or classified arrangement”.
According to statistician Sir Arthur Lyon Bowley, statistics is defined as “Numerical
statements of facts in any department of inquiry placed in relation to each other”.
Basics of Statistics
The basics of statistics include the measure of central tendency and the measure of
dispersion. The central tendencies are mean, median and mode and dispersions
comprise variance and standard deviation.
Mean is the average of the observations. Median is the central value when observations
are arranged in order. The mode determines the most frequent observations in a data
set.
Variation is the measure of spread out of the collection of data. Standard deviation is
the measure of the dispersion of data from the mean. The square of standard deviation
is equal to the variance.
Types of Statistics
Basically, there are two types of statistics.
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
In the case of descriptive statistics, the data or collection of data is described in
summary. But in the case of inferential stats, it is used to explain the descriptive one.
Both these types have been used on large scale.
Descriptive Statistics
, The data is summarised and explained in descriptive statistics. The summarization is
done from a population sample utilising several factors such as mean and standard
deviation. Descriptive statistics is a way of organising, representing, and explaining a
set of data using charts, graphs, and summary measures. Histograms, pie charts, bars,
and scatter plots are common ways to summarise data and present it in tables or
graphs. Descriptive statistics are just that: descriptive. They don’t need to be normalised
beyond the data they collect.
Inferential Statistics
We attempt to interpret the meaning of descriptive statistics using inferential statistics.
We utilise inferential statistics to convey the meaning of the collected data after it has
been collected, evaluated, and summarised. The probability principle is used in
inferential statistics to determine if patterns found in a study sample may be
extrapolated to the wider population from which the sample was drawn. Inferential
statistics are used to test hypotheses and study correlations between variables, and
they can also be used to predict population sizes. Inferential statistics are used to derive
conclusions and inferences from samples, i.e. to create accurate generalisations.
What is Data in Statistics?
Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations etc.
Types of Data
1. Qualitative data- it is descriptive data.
Example- She can run fast, He is thin.
2. Quantitative data- it is numerical information.
Example- An Octopus is an Eight legged creature.
Types of quantitative data
1. Discrete data- has a particular fixed value. It can be counted
2. Continuous data- is not fixed but has a range of data. It can be measured.
of data. In other words, it is a mathematical discipline to collect, summarize data. Also, we can
say that statistics is a branch of applied mathematics
According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, statistics is defined as “classified facts
representing the conditions of a people in a state – especially the facts that can be
stated in numbers or any other tabular or classified arrangement”.
According to statistician Sir Arthur Lyon Bowley, statistics is defined as “Numerical
statements of facts in any department of inquiry placed in relation to each other”.
Basics of Statistics
The basics of statistics include the measure of central tendency and the measure of
dispersion. The central tendencies are mean, median and mode and dispersions
comprise variance and standard deviation.
Mean is the average of the observations. Median is the central value when observations
are arranged in order. The mode determines the most frequent observations in a data
set.
Variation is the measure of spread out of the collection of data. Standard deviation is
the measure of the dispersion of data from the mean. The square of standard deviation
is equal to the variance.
Types of Statistics
Basically, there are two types of statistics.
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
In the case of descriptive statistics, the data or collection of data is described in
summary. But in the case of inferential stats, it is used to explain the descriptive one.
Both these types have been used on large scale.
Descriptive Statistics
, The data is summarised and explained in descriptive statistics. The summarization is
done from a population sample utilising several factors such as mean and standard
deviation. Descriptive statistics is a way of organising, representing, and explaining a
set of data using charts, graphs, and summary measures. Histograms, pie charts, bars,
and scatter plots are common ways to summarise data and present it in tables or
graphs. Descriptive statistics are just that: descriptive. They don’t need to be normalised
beyond the data they collect.
Inferential Statistics
We attempt to interpret the meaning of descriptive statistics using inferential statistics.
We utilise inferential statistics to convey the meaning of the collected data after it has
been collected, evaluated, and summarised. The probability principle is used in
inferential statistics to determine if patterns found in a study sample may be
extrapolated to the wider population from which the sample was drawn. Inferential
statistics are used to test hypotheses and study correlations between variables, and
they can also be used to predict population sizes. Inferential statistics are used to derive
conclusions and inferences from samples, i.e. to create accurate generalisations.
What is Data in Statistics?
Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations etc.
Types of Data
1. Qualitative data- it is descriptive data.
Example- She can run fast, He is thin.
2. Quantitative data- it is numerical information.
Example- An Octopus is an Eight legged creature.
Types of quantitative data
1. Discrete data- has a particular fixed value. It can be counted
2. Continuous data- is not fixed but has a range of data. It can be measured.
