NU 545 CH 7 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Cathelicidins
Family of antimicrobial peptides that in humans has one member.
Defensins
antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)
soluble acute-phase protein in the blood that binds to mannose residues on pathogen surfaces and,
when bound, activates the complement system by the lectin pathway
Resistin-like molecule beta
Found in intestinal goblet cells, where it appears to protect against helminth infections.
Antimicrobial lectins
Lectin (carbohydrate binding protein) family with activity against Gram+ bacteria; C-type lectins
Bactericidal/permeability-inducing protein (BPI)
Stored in neutrophils and intestinal epithelium. Reacts with lipopolysaccharide on the surface of gram-
negative bacteria, resulting in bacterial lysis.
inflammatory response
nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection
,acute inflammatory response
series of cellular changes that bring blood to the site of an injury or infection.
1)vasodilation
2)increased vascular permeability
3)diapedesis
Diapedesis
Passage of white blood cells through intact vessel walls into tissue
3 plasma protein systems
complement, clotting, kinin
proenzyme
an inactive precursor of an enzyme
complement system
A group of about 30 blood proteins that may amplify the inflammatory response, enhance phagocytosis,
or directly lyse extracellular pathogens.
3 pathways of complement system
classical, alternative, lectin
classical pathway
activated by antibodies bound to antigen, which interact with complement system. Begins with
activation of complement protein C1
lectin pathway
, mannose-binding lectin binds to pathogen surface. It is antibody independent.
Anaphylaxotoxins
they induce rapid mast cell de granulation and release of histamine, causing vasodilation and increased
capillary permeability. Occur early in inflammation, close to the inflammatory site.
alternative pathway
activated by gram negative bacteria and fungal cell wall polysaccharides
complement cascade
a precise sequence of events, usually triggered by antigen-antibody complexes, in which each
component of the complement system is activated in turn
antigen-antibody complex
the complex formed when an antibody binds to an antigen.
C3 convertase
the enzyme complex that catalyzes a crucial step in complement activation—the deposition of large
numbers of C3 molecules on a cell's surface, which tags the cell for removal by phagocytes or starts the
assembly of the membrane attach complex.
chemotactic factors
Biochemical substance that attracts leukocytes to the site of inflammation. Required for a longer period
and occurs distal to the inflammatory site.
Carboxypeptidase
Plasma enzymes that are inactive as anaphylatoxins but retain chemotactic activity
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Cathelicidins
Family of antimicrobial peptides that in humans has one member.
Defensins
antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)
soluble acute-phase protein in the blood that binds to mannose residues on pathogen surfaces and,
when bound, activates the complement system by the lectin pathway
Resistin-like molecule beta
Found in intestinal goblet cells, where it appears to protect against helminth infections.
Antimicrobial lectins
Lectin (carbohydrate binding protein) family with activity against Gram+ bacteria; C-type lectins
Bactericidal/permeability-inducing protein (BPI)
Stored in neutrophils and intestinal epithelium. Reacts with lipopolysaccharide on the surface of gram-
negative bacteria, resulting in bacterial lysis.
inflammatory response
nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection
,acute inflammatory response
series of cellular changes that bring blood to the site of an injury or infection.
1)vasodilation
2)increased vascular permeability
3)diapedesis
Diapedesis
Passage of white blood cells through intact vessel walls into tissue
3 plasma protein systems
complement, clotting, kinin
proenzyme
an inactive precursor of an enzyme
complement system
A group of about 30 blood proteins that may amplify the inflammatory response, enhance phagocytosis,
or directly lyse extracellular pathogens.
3 pathways of complement system
classical, alternative, lectin
classical pathway
activated by antibodies bound to antigen, which interact with complement system. Begins with
activation of complement protein C1
lectin pathway
, mannose-binding lectin binds to pathogen surface. It is antibody independent.
Anaphylaxotoxins
they induce rapid mast cell de granulation and release of histamine, causing vasodilation and increased
capillary permeability. Occur early in inflammation, close to the inflammatory site.
alternative pathway
activated by gram negative bacteria and fungal cell wall polysaccharides
complement cascade
a precise sequence of events, usually triggered by antigen-antibody complexes, in which each
component of the complement system is activated in turn
antigen-antibody complex
the complex formed when an antibody binds to an antigen.
C3 convertase
the enzyme complex that catalyzes a crucial step in complement activation—the deposition of large
numbers of C3 molecules on a cell's surface, which tags the cell for removal by phagocytes or starts the
assembly of the membrane attach complex.
chemotactic factors
Biochemical substance that attracts leukocytes to the site of inflammation. Required for a longer period
and occurs distal to the inflammatory site.
Carboxypeptidase
Plasma enzymes that are inactive as anaphylatoxins but retain chemotactic activity
