pap smear - ANSWER - detects cervical cancer and other abnormal
cervical cells (dysplasia)
- starts at 21, get every 2 yrs
- if 30 or older and have had 3 normal tests for 3 yrs in a row, talk to
HCP about spacing tests to every 3 yrs
- if over 65, ask HCP if you can stop tests
conization (cone biopsy) - ANSWER - invasive, outpatient surgery with
general anaesthesia
- a large amount of cervical tissue is removed
- a procedure used more for removal of the tissue rather than diagnosis
colposcopy - ANSWER - inspect cervix under magnification to ID
abnormal and potential cancer tissue
- done before cervical biopsy
culdoscopy - ANSWER - invasive surgical procedure with light sedation
and local anesthesia outpatient
- visualization of the pelvic cavity thru a small incision in the posterior
vagina while patient is in knee-chest position
- purpose is to obtain tissue specimen and ID ectopic pregnancy, pelvic
mass, or diagnose cause for infertility or pain
laparoscopy - ANSWER - surgical procedure under local or general
anesthesia
- scope is inserted thru a small abdominal incision and gas is inserted to
create pocket to insert scope and allow for clear view of organs
- gas is absorbed but shoulder or below the ribcage pain may result
- visualization of abdominal organs
- perform minor surgery
,dilation and curettage - ANSWER - diagnostic and treatment of uterine
cancer and abnormal bleeding
- performed under epidural or general anesthesia
- outpatient surgery
barrier methods - ANSWER - keep the man's sperm from reaching the
woman's egg
- include spermicides, condoms, contraceptive sponges, diaphragms,
and cervical caps
- can be good choices for women who cannot use birth control methods
that contain hormones
condom - ANSWER what is the only true method for prevention of
HIV/AIDS?
hormonal methods - ANSWER - birth control that is similar to the
hormones that the body makes naturally
- contain estrogen and progestin: birth control pills, vaginal ring, patch
- contain only progestin: progestin-only pills, injections, implants
fertility awareness (natural family planning) - ANSWER - do not require
drugs or devices
- predicts the fertile time in a woman's menstrual cycle
- used to either prevent or plan pregnancy
- does not protect against STDs
rhythm method - ANSWER - does not require drugs or devices
- based on natural family planning
- only method of birth control accepted by the Catholic Church
- 75% effective
tubal sterilization - ANSWER - involves closing off the fallopian tubes
- prevent the egg from moving down the fallopian tube to the uterus and
keeps the sperm from reaching the egg
- does not affect a woman's menstrual cycle
, tubal ligation - ANSWER - a surgical procedure in which the fallopian
tubes are cut and the ends are closed by tying, banding, clipping, or
sealing them with an electric current
- permanent, immediate contraception
- reduces the incidence of ovarian cancer
- irreversible
- does not protect against STIs
- RISK: risk of ectopic pregnancy if pregnancy occurs
vasectomy - ANSWER - each vas deferens is blocked
- prevents sperm from being released during ejaculation
- highly effective (less than 1% fail to prevent pregnancy)
- most common cause of failure is unprotected sex too soon after
procedure
- often take 2-3 months to work
- can be reversed, but not always successful
chlamydia - ANSWER - most common STD; bacterial
- men s/s: scanty white or clear exudate, burning or pruritus around the
urethral meatus, urinary frequency, mild dysuria
- women s/s: vaginal pruritus or burning, dull pelvic pain, low grade
fever, vaginal discharge, irregular bleeding
- diagnostic tests: direct fluorescent antibody test, culture with a follow
up culture after a week
- treatment: tetracycline, doxycycline, azithromycin, ofloxacin
- CURABLE with treatment
- use standard precautions
- use latex condoms and limit partners
- women can become infertile if left untreated
gonorrhea - ANSWER - second most common STD; bacterial
- men s/s: some asymptomatic; urethritis, dysuria, infection with profuse
purulent discharge, edema of affected areas
- women s/s: most asymptomatic; greenish yellow discharge from cervix,
urinary frequency, purulent discharge from urethra, pruritus, burning and
pain of the vulva, vaginal engorgement and erythema, abdominal pain
and distension
- diagnostic tests: culture of site
cervical cells (dysplasia)
- starts at 21, get every 2 yrs
- if 30 or older and have had 3 normal tests for 3 yrs in a row, talk to
HCP about spacing tests to every 3 yrs
- if over 65, ask HCP if you can stop tests
conization (cone biopsy) - ANSWER - invasive, outpatient surgery with
general anaesthesia
- a large amount of cervical tissue is removed
- a procedure used more for removal of the tissue rather than diagnosis
colposcopy - ANSWER - inspect cervix under magnification to ID
abnormal and potential cancer tissue
- done before cervical biopsy
culdoscopy - ANSWER - invasive surgical procedure with light sedation
and local anesthesia outpatient
- visualization of the pelvic cavity thru a small incision in the posterior
vagina while patient is in knee-chest position
- purpose is to obtain tissue specimen and ID ectopic pregnancy, pelvic
mass, or diagnose cause for infertility or pain
laparoscopy - ANSWER - surgical procedure under local or general
anesthesia
- scope is inserted thru a small abdominal incision and gas is inserted to
create pocket to insert scope and allow for clear view of organs
- gas is absorbed but shoulder or below the ribcage pain may result
- visualization of abdominal organs
- perform minor surgery
,dilation and curettage - ANSWER - diagnostic and treatment of uterine
cancer and abnormal bleeding
- performed under epidural or general anesthesia
- outpatient surgery
barrier methods - ANSWER - keep the man's sperm from reaching the
woman's egg
- include spermicides, condoms, contraceptive sponges, diaphragms,
and cervical caps
- can be good choices for women who cannot use birth control methods
that contain hormones
condom - ANSWER what is the only true method for prevention of
HIV/AIDS?
hormonal methods - ANSWER - birth control that is similar to the
hormones that the body makes naturally
- contain estrogen and progestin: birth control pills, vaginal ring, patch
- contain only progestin: progestin-only pills, injections, implants
fertility awareness (natural family planning) - ANSWER - do not require
drugs or devices
- predicts the fertile time in a woman's menstrual cycle
- used to either prevent or plan pregnancy
- does not protect against STDs
rhythm method - ANSWER - does not require drugs or devices
- based on natural family planning
- only method of birth control accepted by the Catholic Church
- 75% effective
tubal sterilization - ANSWER - involves closing off the fallopian tubes
- prevent the egg from moving down the fallopian tube to the uterus and
keeps the sperm from reaching the egg
- does not affect a woman's menstrual cycle
, tubal ligation - ANSWER - a surgical procedure in which the fallopian
tubes are cut and the ends are closed by tying, banding, clipping, or
sealing them with an electric current
- permanent, immediate contraception
- reduces the incidence of ovarian cancer
- irreversible
- does not protect against STIs
- RISK: risk of ectopic pregnancy if pregnancy occurs
vasectomy - ANSWER - each vas deferens is blocked
- prevents sperm from being released during ejaculation
- highly effective (less than 1% fail to prevent pregnancy)
- most common cause of failure is unprotected sex too soon after
procedure
- often take 2-3 months to work
- can be reversed, but not always successful
chlamydia - ANSWER - most common STD; bacterial
- men s/s: scanty white or clear exudate, burning or pruritus around the
urethral meatus, urinary frequency, mild dysuria
- women s/s: vaginal pruritus or burning, dull pelvic pain, low grade
fever, vaginal discharge, irregular bleeding
- diagnostic tests: direct fluorescent antibody test, culture with a follow
up culture after a week
- treatment: tetracycline, doxycycline, azithromycin, ofloxacin
- CURABLE with treatment
- use standard precautions
- use latex condoms and limit partners
- women can become infertile if left untreated
gonorrhea - ANSWER - second most common STD; bacterial
- men s/s: some asymptomatic; urethritis, dysuria, infection with profuse
purulent discharge, edema of affected areas
- women s/s: most asymptomatic; greenish yellow discharge from cervix,
urinary frequency, purulent discharge from urethra, pruritus, burning and
pain of the vulva, vaginal engorgement and erythema, abdominal pain
and distension
- diagnostic tests: culture of site
