NU545 CHAPTER 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
they store less fat, higher metabolism rates, greater evaporative loss due to a larger body surface area
proportion to total body size
why are infants susceptible to significant tbw loss?
75%-80%
infants total body water percentage?
bc fat is hydrophobic and very little water is contained in adipose cells
why are obese people at greater risk for dehydration?
individuals with more body fat
what individuals have less total body water?
increased fat, decreased muscle, and reduced ability to regulate sodium and water
what causes total body water to decline with age?
starvation or malnutrition
what causes lowered plasma albumin?
lowered levels of plasma albumin cause fluid to move into the interstitials space
how does low plasma albumin cause edema?
, edema
the excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
albumin is, bc it has the highest concentration
what plasma protein is primarily responsible for plasma oncotic pressure?
increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma oncotic pressure, increased capillary
membrane permeability, lymphatic obstruction
what are the 4 mechanisms of edema?
increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
can result from venous obstruction or sodium/water retention, which increased the pressure behind the
obstruction pushing fluid from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces
decreased plasma oncotic pressure
results from loss or diminished production of plasma albumin, causing decreased oncotic attraction of
fluid within the capillary, with the fluid then moving in the interstitial spaces
increased capillary membrane permeability
associated with inflammation and the immune response, which are due to traumas, such as burn or
crush injuries, neoplastic disease, allergic reactions, infections
lymphatic obstruction
occurs when lymphatic channels are blocked because of infection of tumor, causing proteins and fluids
not to be reabsorbed and accumulate in interstitial space aka lymphedema
lymphedema
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
they store less fat, higher metabolism rates, greater evaporative loss due to a larger body surface area
proportion to total body size
why are infants susceptible to significant tbw loss?
75%-80%
infants total body water percentage?
bc fat is hydrophobic and very little water is contained in adipose cells
why are obese people at greater risk for dehydration?
individuals with more body fat
what individuals have less total body water?
increased fat, decreased muscle, and reduced ability to regulate sodium and water
what causes total body water to decline with age?
starvation or malnutrition
what causes lowered plasma albumin?
lowered levels of plasma albumin cause fluid to move into the interstitials space
how does low plasma albumin cause edema?
, edema
the excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
albumin is, bc it has the highest concentration
what plasma protein is primarily responsible for plasma oncotic pressure?
increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma oncotic pressure, increased capillary
membrane permeability, lymphatic obstruction
what are the 4 mechanisms of edema?
increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
can result from venous obstruction or sodium/water retention, which increased the pressure behind the
obstruction pushing fluid from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces
decreased plasma oncotic pressure
results from loss or diminished production of plasma albumin, causing decreased oncotic attraction of
fluid within the capillary, with the fluid then moving in the interstitial spaces
increased capillary membrane permeability
associated with inflammation and the immune response, which are due to traumas, such as burn or
crush injuries, neoplastic disease, allergic reactions, infections
lymphatic obstruction
occurs when lymphatic channels are blocked because of infection of tumor, causing proteins and fluids
not to be reabsorbed and accumulate in interstitial space aka lymphedema
lymphedema
