NU- 545 UNIT 3 STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
2024/2025
What age group has the greatest risk of STI's?
Why?
p. 867
-Younger than 25.
-Adolescents engage in risky behaviors and have greater number of sexual partners than older adults.
-Incarcerated individuals have higher rates of STI d/t risky behavior prior to incarceration.
-Women, uncircumcised men, men who are receptive partner are at higher risk.
-Young women> risk than older women d/t position of susceptible cells on surface of cervix.
Bacterial STI- p. 869
Campylobacter
Calymmatobacterium Granulomatis
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Polymicrobial STI- p. 869
Gardnerella Vaginalis (Bacterial Vaginosis)
Haemophilus Ducreyi (Chancroid)
Mycoplasma (Mycoplasmosis)
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea)
,Shigella (Shigellosis)
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Viruses STI- p. 869
Cytomegalovirus
Hep B, C
HSV
HIV
HPV
Molluscum Contagiousum Virus
Zika Virus
Protozoa STI- p. 869
Entamoeba Histolytica (Amebiasis; Amebic dysentery)
Giardia Lamblia (Giardiasis)
Trichomonas Vaginalis (Trichomoniasis)
Ectoparasites STI- p. 869
Pthirus pubis (Pediculosis pubis)
Sarcoptes Scabiei (Scabies)
Fungus STI- p. 869
Candida Albicans (Candidiasis)
How is Gonorrhea transmitted from mother to fetus? p, 870
Infected Cervical and vaginal secretions. New born eyes can be infected and cause blindness if untreated.
,Gonorrhea p. 870
BACTERIAL
Gonorrhea Pathology: Local or systemic.
Manifestations: Uncomplicated-urethral infections in men and urogenital infections in women. Men will
have sudden onset of painful urination or purulent penile discharge or both within a week of infection.
Women's symptoms will manifest within 10days or within 1 to 2 days after the next menstrual period.
Initially asymptomatic, symptoms appear after spread to the upper reproductive tract. Symptoms
include, dysuria, increased vaginal discharge, abnormal menses, dyspareunia, lower abd pain and fever.
Complicated- prostatitis, epididymitis, lymphangitis, and urethral stricture in men and salpingitis, PID,
and bartholinitis in women.
Diagnosis: direct culture is preferred. Physical exam may disclose cervical friability and erythema and
mucopurulent discharge from the cervical os. Abdominal palpation bilateral lower quadrant tenderness
and rebound tenderness.
Treatment: quickly becoming antibiotic resistant. Multidrug therapy is recommended. (Ceftriaxone IM
and azithromycin or doxycycline po)
Complications: PID, sterility and disseminated infection. Transmission to fetus: If passed to the fetus the
infection usually manifests as an eye infection and develops 1-12 days after birth.
Endometrial Polyps p. 774
A benign mass of endometrial tissue. Contains glands, stroma, and blood vessels. Can occur anywhere
within the uterus. Classified as hyperplastic, atrophic (inactive), or functional. Develop between 40-50
years of age but can occur at any age.
Diagnosed by: Transvaginal sonography or hysteroscopy.
Risk Factors: advanced age, obesity, nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause, diabetes, tamoxifen
, use, HTN, estrogenic states.
Malignancy is rare.
Polypectomy performed through hysteroscopy for symptomatic women, risk for malignancy, or
struggling to conceive.
Leiomyomas- commonly called myomas or uterine fibroids p. 775
Benign smooth muscle tumors in the myometrium.
Most common benign tumors of the uterus, 70-80% of women. Most are small asymptomatic and
clinically insignificant. Increases in ages 30-50 but then decreases with menopause. 2-5 x higher in Asian
and black women. Black women develop 10 years sooner than white women.
These tumors account for 30% of all hysterectomies < 40 years of age.
Cause unknown. Size related to estrogen, progesterone, growth factors, angiogenesis, apoptosis.
Tumors in pregnant women increase in size drastically but then decrease in size after pregnancy.
Risk factors: nulliparity, obesity, PCOS, black race, postmenopausal hormone use, HTN.
Mostly occur in multiples in the uterus.
Classified as: subserous, submucous, or intramural (depends on place in uterine wall)
Unlike cancer- these tumors are unable to cause blood vessel proliferation to support their growth.
Clinical manifestations:
Abnormal uterine bleeding & pain. Slow growing.
May contribute to infertility and subfertility.
Suspected when bimanual examination discloses uterine enlargement and irregular nontender nodules.
Pelvic sonogram or MRI confirms dx.
Treatment depends on symptoms
Shrink in response to oral contraceptives but oral contraceptive pills may enhance growth. LNG-IUD
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
2024/2025
What age group has the greatest risk of STI's?
Why?
p. 867
-Younger than 25.
-Adolescents engage in risky behaviors and have greater number of sexual partners than older adults.
-Incarcerated individuals have higher rates of STI d/t risky behavior prior to incarceration.
-Women, uncircumcised men, men who are receptive partner are at higher risk.
-Young women> risk than older women d/t position of susceptible cells on surface of cervix.
Bacterial STI- p. 869
Campylobacter
Calymmatobacterium Granulomatis
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Polymicrobial STI- p. 869
Gardnerella Vaginalis (Bacterial Vaginosis)
Haemophilus Ducreyi (Chancroid)
Mycoplasma (Mycoplasmosis)
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea)
,Shigella (Shigellosis)
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Viruses STI- p. 869
Cytomegalovirus
Hep B, C
HSV
HIV
HPV
Molluscum Contagiousum Virus
Zika Virus
Protozoa STI- p. 869
Entamoeba Histolytica (Amebiasis; Amebic dysentery)
Giardia Lamblia (Giardiasis)
Trichomonas Vaginalis (Trichomoniasis)
Ectoparasites STI- p. 869
Pthirus pubis (Pediculosis pubis)
Sarcoptes Scabiei (Scabies)
Fungus STI- p. 869
Candida Albicans (Candidiasis)
How is Gonorrhea transmitted from mother to fetus? p, 870
Infected Cervical and vaginal secretions. New born eyes can be infected and cause blindness if untreated.
,Gonorrhea p. 870
BACTERIAL
Gonorrhea Pathology: Local or systemic.
Manifestations: Uncomplicated-urethral infections in men and urogenital infections in women. Men will
have sudden onset of painful urination or purulent penile discharge or both within a week of infection.
Women's symptoms will manifest within 10days or within 1 to 2 days after the next menstrual period.
Initially asymptomatic, symptoms appear after spread to the upper reproductive tract. Symptoms
include, dysuria, increased vaginal discharge, abnormal menses, dyspareunia, lower abd pain and fever.
Complicated- prostatitis, epididymitis, lymphangitis, and urethral stricture in men and salpingitis, PID,
and bartholinitis in women.
Diagnosis: direct culture is preferred. Physical exam may disclose cervical friability and erythema and
mucopurulent discharge from the cervical os. Abdominal palpation bilateral lower quadrant tenderness
and rebound tenderness.
Treatment: quickly becoming antibiotic resistant. Multidrug therapy is recommended. (Ceftriaxone IM
and azithromycin or doxycycline po)
Complications: PID, sterility and disseminated infection. Transmission to fetus: If passed to the fetus the
infection usually manifests as an eye infection and develops 1-12 days after birth.
Endometrial Polyps p. 774
A benign mass of endometrial tissue. Contains glands, stroma, and blood vessels. Can occur anywhere
within the uterus. Classified as hyperplastic, atrophic (inactive), or functional. Develop between 40-50
years of age but can occur at any age.
Diagnosed by: Transvaginal sonography or hysteroscopy.
Risk Factors: advanced age, obesity, nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause, diabetes, tamoxifen
, use, HTN, estrogenic states.
Malignancy is rare.
Polypectomy performed through hysteroscopy for symptomatic women, risk for malignancy, or
struggling to conceive.
Leiomyomas- commonly called myomas or uterine fibroids p. 775
Benign smooth muscle tumors in the myometrium.
Most common benign tumors of the uterus, 70-80% of women. Most are small asymptomatic and
clinically insignificant. Increases in ages 30-50 but then decreases with menopause. 2-5 x higher in Asian
and black women. Black women develop 10 years sooner than white women.
These tumors account for 30% of all hysterectomies < 40 years of age.
Cause unknown. Size related to estrogen, progesterone, growth factors, angiogenesis, apoptosis.
Tumors in pregnant women increase in size drastically but then decrease in size after pregnancy.
Risk factors: nulliparity, obesity, PCOS, black race, postmenopausal hormone use, HTN.
Mostly occur in multiples in the uterus.
Classified as: subserous, submucous, or intramural (depends on place in uterine wall)
Unlike cancer- these tumors are unable to cause blood vessel proliferation to support their growth.
Clinical manifestations:
Abnormal uterine bleeding & pain. Slow growing.
May contribute to infertility and subfertility.
Suspected when bimanual examination discloses uterine enlargement and irregular nontender nodules.
Pelvic sonogram or MRI confirms dx.
Treatment depends on symptoms
Shrink in response to oral contraceptives but oral contraceptive pills may enhance growth. LNG-IUD
