HESI - Medical Surgical Nursing test
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who lives alone. Which
economic situation presents the most serious problem for this client?
a. costs of creating a living will
b. stock market fluctuations
c. increased provider benefits
d. social security as the basis of income - ANS-D
Older adults on fixed incomes are unable to adjust their income to
meet rising costs associated with meeting basic needs
Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved pain
has been associated with
a. prolonged stress response and a cascade of harmful effects system
wide.
b. decreased tumor growth and longevity
c. large tidal volumes and decreased lung capacity
d. decreased carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction - ANS-A
Pain triggers a number of physiologic stress responses in the human
body. Unrelieved pain can prolong the stress response and produce a
cascade of harmful effects in all body systems. The stress response
causes the endocrine system to release excessive amounts of
hormones, such as cortisol, catecholamines, and glucagon. Insulin and
testosterone levels decrease. Increased endocrine activity in turn
initiates a number of metabolic processes, in particular, accelerated
carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction, whcih can result in weight
,loss, tachycardia, increased respiratory rate, shock, and even death.
The immune system is also affected by pain as demonstrated by
research showing a link between unrelieved pain and a higher incidence
of nosocomial infections and increased tumor growth. Large tidal
volumes are not associated with pain while decreased lung capacity is
associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased tumor growth and longevity
are not associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased carbs, protein, and
fat are not associated with pain or stress response.
,When describing patient education approaches, the nurse educator
would explain that informal teaching is an approach that
a. follows formalized plans
b. has standardized content
c. often occurs one-to-one
d. addresses group needs - ANS-C. Informal teaching is individualized
one on one teaching which represents the majority of patient
education done by nurses that occurs when an intervention is
explained or a question is answered. Group needs are often the
focus of formal patient education courses or classes. Informal
teaching does not necessarily follow a specific formalized plan. It
may be planned with specific content, but it is individualized
responses to patient needs. Formal teaching involves the use of a
curriculum/course plan with standardized content.
A patient expresses a strong interest in returning to their work, family,
and hobbies after having a stroke. Which theory type would the nurse
use to develop a plan of care for the best results of this patient's
motivation style?
, a. field
b. biological
c. cognitive
d. sociologic - ANS-C. Cognitive theorists believe that attention,
relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) are the conditions
that, when integrated, motivate someone to learn. Field theorists
place significance on how achievement, power, the need for
affiliation, and avoidance motives influence individual behavior.
Sociologic theories are not involved in motivation.
The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which clients are at greater
risk for hypothermia or frostbite? (select all that apply)
a. an older woman with hypertension
b. a young man with a body mass index of 42
c. a young many who has just consumed six martinis
d. an older man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day
e. a young woman who is anorexic
f. a young woman who is diabetic - ANS-C, D, E, F
clients with poor nutrition, fatigue, and multiple chronic illnesses are at
greater risk for hypothermia. Clients who smoke, consume alcohol, or
have impaired peripheral circulation have a higher incidence of
frostbite.
Which statement made by a nurse represents the need for further
education regarding pain management in older adult clients?
a. older adults tend to report pain less often than younger adults
b. older clients usually have more experience with pain than younger
clients
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who lives alone. Which
economic situation presents the most serious problem for this client?
a. costs of creating a living will
b. stock market fluctuations
c. increased provider benefits
d. social security as the basis of income - ANS-D
Older adults on fixed incomes are unable to adjust their income to
meet rising costs associated with meeting basic needs
Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved pain
has been associated with
a. prolonged stress response and a cascade of harmful effects system
wide.
b. decreased tumor growth and longevity
c. large tidal volumes and decreased lung capacity
d. decreased carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction - ANS-A
Pain triggers a number of physiologic stress responses in the human
body. Unrelieved pain can prolong the stress response and produce a
cascade of harmful effects in all body systems. The stress response
causes the endocrine system to release excessive amounts of
hormones, such as cortisol, catecholamines, and glucagon. Insulin and
testosterone levels decrease. Increased endocrine activity in turn
initiates a number of metabolic processes, in particular, accelerated
carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction, whcih can result in weight
,loss, tachycardia, increased respiratory rate, shock, and even death.
The immune system is also affected by pain as demonstrated by
research showing a link between unrelieved pain and a higher incidence
of nosocomial infections and increased tumor growth. Large tidal
volumes are not associated with pain while decreased lung capacity is
associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased tumor growth and longevity
are not associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased carbs, protein, and
fat are not associated with pain or stress response.
,When describing patient education approaches, the nurse educator
would explain that informal teaching is an approach that
a. follows formalized plans
b. has standardized content
c. often occurs one-to-one
d. addresses group needs - ANS-C. Informal teaching is individualized
one on one teaching which represents the majority of patient
education done by nurses that occurs when an intervention is
explained or a question is answered. Group needs are often the
focus of formal patient education courses or classes. Informal
teaching does not necessarily follow a specific formalized plan. It
may be planned with specific content, but it is individualized
responses to patient needs. Formal teaching involves the use of a
curriculum/course plan with standardized content.
A patient expresses a strong interest in returning to their work, family,
and hobbies after having a stroke. Which theory type would the nurse
use to develop a plan of care for the best results of this patient's
motivation style?
, a. field
b. biological
c. cognitive
d. sociologic - ANS-C. Cognitive theorists believe that attention,
relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) are the conditions
that, when integrated, motivate someone to learn. Field theorists
place significance on how achievement, power, the need for
affiliation, and avoidance motives influence individual behavior.
Sociologic theories are not involved in motivation.
The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which clients are at greater
risk for hypothermia or frostbite? (select all that apply)
a. an older woman with hypertension
b. a young man with a body mass index of 42
c. a young many who has just consumed six martinis
d. an older man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day
e. a young woman who is anorexic
f. a young woman who is diabetic - ANS-C, D, E, F
clients with poor nutrition, fatigue, and multiple chronic illnesses are at
greater risk for hypothermia. Clients who smoke, consume alcohol, or
have impaired peripheral circulation have a higher incidence of
frostbite.
Which statement made by a nurse represents the need for further
education regarding pain management in older adult clients?
a. older adults tend to report pain less often than younger adults
b. older clients usually have more experience with pain than younger
clients
