MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 2 TEST BANK BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 2 TEST BANK BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What does ATP stand for, and why is it referred to as the energy currency of the cell? -Adenosine triphosphate . -Provides the energy needed for muscles to contract and perform movements. What is a noncompetitive inhibitor, and how does it affect enzyme activity? -A molecule that binds to the allosteric site on an enzyme, changing its shape and reducing its activity. Can you explain what redox reactions involve? -One molecule loses electrons (oxidation) while another gains electrons (reduction). -This transfer of electrons is crucial for energy transfer in biological systems. What does the mnemonic OIL RIG stand for? -Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain. -It helps remember that when a substance is oxidized, it loses electrons, and when it is reduced, it gains electrons. -For example, in cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized, and oxygen is reduced. Can you tell me what pyruvic acid is and how it relates to glycolysis? -A three-carbon product of glycolysis, which is the process that breaks down glucose to extract energy.