Principles of Reasoning: argument and
debate chapters 1E-1G
What is a deductive argument? - correct answer ✔An arfument in which it is
claimed that the conclusion follows necessarily from the premise
Two aspects of deductive arguments - correct answer ✔1. Logical analysis-
does the conclusion follow from the premises?
2. Truth analysis- are the premises true?
Logical analysis - correct answer ✔Does the conclusion follow from the
premises
Truth analysis - correct answer ✔Are the premises true?
Deductive argument - correct answer ✔An argument in which it is claimed
that the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises
- if the premises are true, then it is impossible for the conclusion to be false
Inductive argument: - correct answer ✔an argument in which it is claimed
that the premises make the conclusion probable
- if the premises are true, then it is improbable for the conclusion to be false
Key words and phrases for deductive arguments: - correct answer
✔"Necessarily" "certainty" "definitely" "absolutely"
,Keys words and phrases for Inductive arguments - correct answer
✔"Probably" "likely" "unlikely" "improbable" "plausible" "implausible"
Types of inductive arguments - correct answer ✔- analogical arguments
- statistical arguments
- causal arguments
- scientific arguments
Types of deductive arguments - correct answer ✔- definitional arguments
- mathematical arguments
- deductive forms (will learn later)
Deductive or inductive: Every insect has six legs. What's crawling on me
is an insect. So what's crawling on me has six
legs. - correct answer ✔Deductive
Deductive or inductive: Most insects have six legs. What's crawling on
me is an insect. Therefore, what's crawling on
me probably has six legs. - correct answer ✔Inductive
Deductive or inductive: The exam's range of A scores is 90-100. I got a
98 on the exam. It follows necessarily that I got
an A on the exam. - correct answer ✔Deductive
Deductive or inductive: The exam's range of A scores is 90-100. I got an
A on the exam, thus I got a 98 on the exam. - correct answer ✔Inductive
, Deductive or inductive: All fire needs oxygen. There is no oxygen in that
room. So there is no fire in that room. - correct answer ✔Deductive
Deductive or inductive: Some fires need no oxygen. There is no oxygen
in that room. So there is no fire in that room. - correct answer ✔Inductive
Deductive or inductive: Carly tossed a coin ten times, and in each case it
came up heads. I have a feeling that it is a trick
coin. I predict that the next toss will be heads. - correct answer ✔Inductive
Deductive or inductive: Carly tossed a coin ten times, and in each case it
came up heads. The law of averages says that
this cannot go on indefinitely. I predict that the
next toss will be tails. - correct answer ✔Inductive
Deductive or inductive: All elements with atomic weights greater than 64
are metals. Z is an element with an atomic
weight of 79. Therefore, Z is a metal. - correct answer ✔Deductive
Deductive or inductive: The majority of elements with atomic weights
greater than 64 are metals. Z is an element with
an atomic weight of 79. Therefore, Z is probably
a metal. - correct answer ✔Inductive
debate chapters 1E-1G
What is a deductive argument? - correct answer ✔An arfument in which it is
claimed that the conclusion follows necessarily from the premise
Two aspects of deductive arguments - correct answer ✔1. Logical analysis-
does the conclusion follow from the premises?
2. Truth analysis- are the premises true?
Logical analysis - correct answer ✔Does the conclusion follow from the
premises
Truth analysis - correct answer ✔Are the premises true?
Deductive argument - correct answer ✔An argument in which it is claimed
that the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises
- if the premises are true, then it is impossible for the conclusion to be false
Inductive argument: - correct answer ✔an argument in which it is claimed
that the premises make the conclusion probable
- if the premises are true, then it is improbable for the conclusion to be false
Key words and phrases for deductive arguments: - correct answer
✔"Necessarily" "certainty" "definitely" "absolutely"
,Keys words and phrases for Inductive arguments - correct answer
✔"Probably" "likely" "unlikely" "improbable" "plausible" "implausible"
Types of inductive arguments - correct answer ✔- analogical arguments
- statistical arguments
- causal arguments
- scientific arguments
Types of deductive arguments - correct answer ✔- definitional arguments
- mathematical arguments
- deductive forms (will learn later)
Deductive or inductive: Every insect has six legs. What's crawling on me
is an insect. So what's crawling on me has six
legs. - correct answer ✔Deductive
Deductive or inductive: Most insects have six legs. What's crawling on
me is an insect. Therefore, what's crawling on
me probably has six legs. - correct answer ✔Inductive
Deductive or inductive: The exam's range of A scores is 90-100. I got a
98 on the exam. It follows necessarily that I got
an A on the exam. - correct answer ✔Deductive
Deductive or inductive: The exam's range of A scores is 90-100. I got an
A on the exam, thus I got a 98 on the exam. - correct answer ✔Inductive
, Deductive or inductive: All fire needs oxygen. There is no oxygen in that
room. So there is no fire in that room. - correct answer ✔Deductive
Deductive or inductive: Some fires need no oxygen. There is no oxygen
in that room. So there is no fire in that room. - correct answer ✔Inductive
Deductive or inductive: Carly tossed a coin ten times, and in each case it
came up heads. I have a feeling that it is a trick
coin. I predict that the next toss will be heads. - correct answer ✔Inductive
Deductive or inductive: Carly tossed a coin ten times, and in each case it
came up heads. The law of averages says that
this cannot go on indefinitely. I predict that the
next toss will be tails. - correct answer ✔Inductive
Deductive or inductive: All elements with atomic weights greater than 64
are metals. Z is an element with an atomic
weight of 79. Therefore, Z is a metal. - correct answer ✔Deductive
Deductive or inductive: The majority of elements with atomic weights
greater than 64 are metals. Z is an element with
an atomic weight of 79. Therefore, Z is probably
a metal. - correct answer ✔Inductive
