APHY 101 MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM LATEST
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS IVY TECH
COMMUNITY COLLEGE INDIANAPOLIS
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ANSWER: Anatomy is the
study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function
of body parts
What are the levels of organization? - ANSWER: subatomic particles, atom, molecule,
macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the requirements of life? - ANSWER: Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
What are the characteristics of life? - ANSWER: Movement (internal or gross);
Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size
without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration
(use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption
(movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation
(movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically
different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
Define homeostasis - ANSWER: Body's maintenance of a stable environment
What is a homeostatic mechanism? - ANSWER: the body maintains homeostasis
through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body
temperature and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure
Define matter - ANSWER: Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is
composed of elements.
Define element - ANSWER: fundamental substance composed of chemically identical
atoms
Define atoms - ANSWER: smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter
What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER: An atom consists of a nucleus
containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
Atomic nucleus - ANSWER: the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
Proton - ANSWER: subatomic particle that has a positive charge
Neutron - ANSWER: subatomic particle that has no charge
Electron - ANSWER: subatomic particle that has a negative charge
,Atomic number - ANSWER: number or protons in nucleus
Atomic mass - ANSWER: number of protons plus number of neutrons
What are covalent bonds? - ANSWER: Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share
electrons to become stable with filled
outer shells
What are ionic bonds? - ANSWER: 2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when
electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
What are hydrogen bonds? - ANSWER: Weak attraction between positive end of one
polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water
molecules
Define ion - ANSWER: When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.
Define synthesis reaction - ANSWER: Two or more atoms or molecules are joined
together
Define decomposition reaction - ANSWER: Larger molecules are broken down into
smaller ones
Define exchange reaction - ANSWER: Parts of molecules trade places
Define reactant - ANSWER: The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions,
or molecules
Define product - ANSWER: Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
Define catalyst - ANSWER: influence the rates of chemical reactions
What is an acid? - ANSWER: Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
What is a base? - ANSWER: Electrolytes that release ions that combine with
hydrogen ions in water
What is a salt? - ANSWER: Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
What is a pH scale? - ANSWER: represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in
solution
Neutral solution - ANSWER: pH 7;
indicates equal concentrations of H+
and OH-
, Acidic solution - ANSWER: pH less than
7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
Basic solution - ANSWER: pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule? -
ANSWER: organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic compounds do
not
What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? - ANSWER: Dehydration reactions link
monomers together into polymers by releasing water, and hydrolysis breaks
polymers into monomers using a water molecule. Monomers are just single unit
molecules and polymers are chains of monomers.
What are carbohydrates? - ANSWER: Carbohydrates provide energy for cellular
activities. These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are lipids? - ANSWER: Primarily used to supply energy for cellular activity.
Lipids are insoluble in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
What are proteins? - ANSWER: Provide structure; energy sources; chemical
messengers
Play vital role in metabolism
bonded amino acids held together with peptide bonds
What are nucleic acids? - ANSWER: Carry genes and control cell activities. Examples
are RNA and DNA.
Fats (triglycerides) - ANSWER: Used primarily for energy; most common lipid in the
body
Can supply more energy than carbohydrates
Contain C, H, and O but less O than carbohydrates (C57H110O6)
Building blocks are 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids per molecule
Saturated and unsaturated
phospholipids - ANSWER: major component of cell membranes; large amounts in
nervous system
2 fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group bound to a glycerol molecule
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS IVY TECH
COMMUNITY COLLEGE INDIANAPOLIS
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ANSWER: Anatomy is the
study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function
of body parts
What are the levels of organization? - ANSWER: subatomic particles, atom, molecule,
macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the requirements of life? - ANSWER: Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
What are the characteristics of life? - ANSWER: Movement (internal or gross);
Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size
without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration
(use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption
(movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation
(movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically
different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
Define homeostasis - ANSWER: Body's maintenance of a stable environment
What is a homeostatic mechanism? - ANSWER: the body maintains homeostasis
through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body
temperature and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure
Define matter - ANSWER: Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is
composed of elements.
Define element - ANSWER: fundamental substance composed of chemically identical
atoms
Define atoms - ANSWER: smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter
What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER: An atom consists of a nucleus
containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
Atomic nucleus - ANSWER: the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
Proton - ANSWER: subatomic particle that has a positive charge
Neutron - ANSWER: subatomic particle that has no charge
Electron - ANSWER: subatomic particle that has a negative charge
,Atomic number - ANSWER: number or protons in nucleus
Atomic mass - ANSWER: number of protons plus number of neutrons
What are covalent bonds? - ANSWER: Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share
electrons to become stable with filled
outer shells
What are ionic bonds? - ANSWER: 2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when
electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
What are hydrogen bonds? - ANSWER: Weak attraction between positive end of one
polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water
molecules
Define ion - ANSWER: When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.
Define synthesis reaction - ANSWER: Two or more atoms or molecules are joined
together
Define decomposition reaction - ANSWER: Larger molecules are broken down into
smaller ones
Define exchange reaction - ANSWER: Parts of molecules trade places
Define reactant - ANSWER: The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions,
or molecules
Define product - ANSWER: Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
Define catalyst - ANSWER: influence the rates of chemical reactions
What is an acid? - ANSWER: Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
What is a base? - ANSWER: Electrolytes that release ions that combine with
hydrogen ions in water
What is a salt? - ANSWER: Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
What is a pH scale? - ANSWER: represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in
solution
Neutral solution - ANSWER: pH 7;
indicates equal concentrations of H+
and OH-
, Acidic solution - ANSWER: pH less than
7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
Basic solution - ANSWER: pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule? -
ANSWER: organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic compounds do
not
What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? - ANSWER: Dehydration reactions link
monomers together into polymers by releasing water, and hydrolysis breaks
polymers into monomers using a water molecule. Monomers are just single unit
molecules and polymers are chains of monomers.
What are carbohydrates? - ANSWER: Carbohydrates provide energy for cellular
activities. These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are lipids? - ANSWER: Primarily used to supply energy for cellular activity.
Lipids are insoluble in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
What are proteins? - ANSWER: Provide structure; energy sources; chemical
messengers
Play vital role in metabolism
bonded amino acids held together with peptide bonds
What are nucleic acids? - ANSWER: Carry genes and control cell activities. Examples
are RNA and DNA.
Fats (triglycerides) - ANSWER: Used primarily for energy; most common lipid in the
body
Can supply more energy than carbohydrates
Contain C, H, and O but less O than carbohydrates (C57H110O6)
Building blocks are 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids per molecule
Saturated and unsaturated
phospholipids - ANSWER: major component of cell membranes; large amounts in
nervous system
2 fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group bound to a glycerol molecule
