TITLE -HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (HISTORY OF
INDIA)—[ USEFUL FOR STUDENTS PREPARING
FOR CIVIL SERVICES AND OTHER COMPETITIVE
EXAMS]
(NOTE- THIS PDF IS MADE WITH THE HELP OF M LAXMIKANT POLITY BOOK
AND SPECTRUM BOOK OF HISTORY.)
IN 1765 , EAST INDIA COMPANY WHICH HAD PURELY TRADING FUNCTION
OBTAIN ‘DIWANI’ OF BENGAL ,BIHAR & ORRISA.MUGHAL EMPEROR SHAH
ALAM GRANTED THE DIWANI.
THERE ARE TWO PHASES OF ENGLISH TRADING IN INDIA -
1.THE COMPANY RULE (1773-1858)
2.THE CROWN RULE(1858-1947)
LET’S DISCUSS THE COMPANY RULE IN DETAIL.
THE COMPANY RULE (1773-1858)
1.THE REGULATING ACT OF 1773- (a)- IT WAS 1ST STEP TAKEN BY BRITISH
GOVT TO CONTROL AND REGULATE AFFAIRS OF EAST INDIA COMPANY (EIC) IN
INDIA.
(b)-IT ALSO RECOGNISE FOR 1ST TIME POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
FUNCTION OF EIC.
(c)-IT ALSO LAID FOUNDATION OF CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION.
FEATURES OF THIS ACT - (a)- GOVERNOR OF BENGAL BECAME GOVERNOR
GENERAL (GG) OF BENGAL.
(b)-ESTABLISHMENT OF EXECUTIVE COUNCIL OF 4 MEMBERS TO ASSIST GG.
(c)-1ST SUCH GOVERNOR GENERAL WAS LORD WARRAN HASTING .
, (d)-GOVERNOR OF BENGAL AND MADRAS PRESIDENCY BECAME
SUBORDINATE TO GOVERNOR GENERAL OF BENGAL.
(e)-THERE ESTABLISH SUPREME COURT AT CALCUTTA IN 1774 ( 1 CHIEF
JUSTICE AND 3 OTHER JUDGES).THIS SC HAS ORIGINAL AND APPELLATE
JURISDICTION.
(f)-APPOINTMENT OF COURT OF DIRECTORS TO CONTROL OVER EIC IN
REVENUE , CIVIL AND MILITARY PURPOSE.
2.AMENDING ACT OF 1781 (ACT OF SETTLEMENT)- THIS ACT CAME TO RECTIFY
THE ACT OF 1773.
FEATURES OF THIS ACT -
(a)- SC HAS NO POWER TO PUNISH SERVANTS OF EIC .
(b)-SC HAS NO POWER OVER THE REVENUE MATTERS.
(c)-SC WILL HAVE JURISDICTION OVER ALL INHABITANTS OF
CALCUTTA.HINDUS WERE TO BE TREATED ACCORDING TO HINDU LAWS AND
MUSLIMS WERE TO BE TREATED ACCORDING TO MOHAMMEDAN LAW.
(d)-ANY APPEALS FROM PROVINCIAL COURTS WILL BE HANDED TO GG NOT
TO SC.
(e)-EMPOWER GG AND ITS COUNCIL TO FRAME REGULATION FOR PROVINCIAL
COURTS AND COUNCILS.
3.PITTS INDIA ACT OF 1784-IT WAS INTRODUCED BY BRITISH PM WILLIAM PITT.
FEATURES OF THIS ACT —
(A)- ACT DISTINGUISH BETWEEN COMMERCIAL AND POLITICAL FUNSTION OF
EIC.
(B)-ALLOWED COURTS OF DIRECTORS TO MANAGE COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS
AND CREATED A NEW BODY CALLED BOARD OF DIRECTORS TO MANAGE
POLITICAL AFFAIRS .THUS IT CREATED A DOUBLE GOVERNMENT IN INDIA.
(C)-EMPOWERED BOARD OF CONTROL TO SUPERVISE AND DIRECT ALL
OPERATIONS OF CIVIL AND MILITARY GOVT. OR REVENUE OF BRITISH
POSSESSION IN INDIA.
INDIA)—[ USEFUL FOR STUDENTS PREPARING
FOR CIVIL SERVICES AND OTHER COMPETITIVE
EXAMS]
(NOTE- THIS PDF IS MADE WITH THE HELP OF M LAXMIKANT POLITY BOOK
AND SPECTRUM BOOK OF HISTORY.)
IN 1765 , EAST INDIA COMPANY WHICH HAD PURELY TRADING FUNCTION
OBTAIN ‘DIWANI’ OF BENGAL ,BIHAR & ORRISA.MUGHAL EMPEROR SHAH
ALAM GRANTED THE DIWANI.
THERE ARE TWO PHASES OF ENGLISH TRADING IN INDIA -
1.THE COMPANY RULE (1773-1858)
2.THE CROWN RULE(1858-1947)
LET’S DISCUSS THE COMPANY RULE IN DETAIL.
THE COMPANY RULE (1773-1858)
1.THE REGULATING ACT OF 1773- (a)- IT WAS 1ST STEP TAKEN BY BRITISH
GOVT TO CONTROL AND REGULATE AFFAIRS OF EAST INDIA COMPANY (EIC) IN
INDIA.
(b)-IT ALSO RECOGNISE FOR 1ST TIME POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
FUNCTION OF EIC.
(c)-IT ALSO LAID FOUNDATION OF CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION.
FEATURES OF THIS ACT - (a)- GOVERNOR OF BENGAL BECAME GOVERNOR
GENERAL (GG) OF BENGAL.
(b)-ESTABLISHMENT OF EXECUTIVE COUNCIL OF 4 MEMBERS TO ASSIST GG.
(c)-1ST SUCH GOVERNOR GENERAL WAS LORD WARRAN HASTING .
, (d)-GOVERNOR OF BENGAL AND MADRAS PRESIDENCY BECAME
SUBORDINATE TO GOVERNOR GENERAL OF BENGAL.
(e)-THERE ESTABLISH SUPREME COURT AT CALCUTTA IN 1774 ( 1 CHIEF
JUSTICE AND 3 OTHER JUDGES).THIS SC HAS ORIGINAL AND APPELLATE
JURISDICTION.
(f)-APPOINTMENT OF COURT OF DIRECTORS TO CONTROL OVER EIC IN
REVENUE , CIVIL AND MILITARY PURPOSE.
2.AMENDING ACT OF 1781 (ACT OF SETTLEMENT)- THIS ACT CAME TO RECTIFY
THE ACT OF 1773.
FEATURES OF THIS ACT -
(a)- SC HAS NO POWER TO PUNISH SERVANTS OF EIC .
(b)-SC HAS NO POWER OVER THE REVENUE MATTERS.
(c)-SC WILL HAVE JURISDICTION OVER ALL INHABITANTS OF
CALCUTTA.HINDUS WERE TO BE TREATED ACCORDING TO HINDU LAWS AND
MUSLIMS WERE TO BE TREATED ACCORDING TO MOHAMMEDAN LAW.
(d)-ANY APPEALS FROM PROVINCIAL COURTS WILL BE HANDED TO GG NOT
TO SC.
(e)-EMPOWER GG AND ITS COUNCIL TO FRAME REGULATION FOR PROVINCIAL
COURTS AND COUNCILS.
3.PITTS INDIA ACT OF 1784-IT WAS INTRODUCED BY BRITISH PM WILLIAM PITT.
FEATURES OF THIS ACT —
(A)- ACT DISTINGUISH BETWEEN COMMERCIAL AND POLITICAL FUNSTION OF
EIC.
(B)-ALLOWED COURTS OF DIRECTORS TO MANAGE COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS
AND CREATED A NEW BODY CALLED BOARD OF DIRECTORS TO MANAGE
POLITICAL AFFAIRS .THUS IT CREATED A DOUBLE GOVERNMENT IN INDIA.
(C)-EMPOWERED BOARD OF CONTROL TO SUPERVISE AND DIRECT ALL
OPERATIONS OF CIVIL AND MILITARY GOVT. OR REVENUE OF BRITISH
POSSESSION IN INDIA.
