BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM PENN FOSTER ACTUAL
EXAM/PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM
LATEST 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
Characteristics of living things - ANSWER: -All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER: atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue,
organ, organ system, organism
How are organisms classified? - ANSWER: on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic
relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? -
ANSWER: Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner.
The best way to discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - ANSWER: Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom? - ANSWER: smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical
properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a
solid, gas or liquid
What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER: Nucleus in the center that contains
protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is
called an electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER: A chemical bond that's formed when an atom
transfers and electron to another Atom
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER: Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order
to have a completed outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - ANSWER: Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of
electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - ANSWER: Carbon and
hydrogen
,What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? -
ANSWER: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - ANSWER: Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - ANSWER: Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
What are the different kinds of carbs? - ANSWER: Glucose= monosaccharide that
serves as blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein - ANSWER: macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
Lipid - ANSWER: Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that
are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
Nucleic acid - ANSWER: macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
carbon, and phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
What is the cell theory? - ANSWER: All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome - ANSWER: Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER: A cell structure that forms a maze of
passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the
cell to another.
Smooth ER - ANSWER: Makes lipids
Rough ER - ANSWER: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with
ribosomes.
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER: Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports
them
, Lysosome - ANSWER: Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole - ANSWER: Stores food, enzymes and other material
Mitochondria - ANSWER: Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth,
development and movement
Nucleus - ANSWER: A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
Cell wall - ANSWER: A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides
support to the cell
Explain the process of diffusion: - ANSWER: Molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration until the concentration of molecules
is the same at both sites
Explain the process of osmosis: - ANSWER: Water moves from areas of low solute
concentration to areas of high solute concentration
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - ANSWER: S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? - ANSWER: Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical
reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER: -The process in which the Sun's
energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER: Cellular respiration is the process that
releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER: 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 +
6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER: "splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER: This term refers to a series of chemical reactions
that involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy)
along with hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and
(CO2).
EXAM/PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM
LATEST 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
Characteristics of living things - ANSWER: -All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER: atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue,
organ, organ system, organism
How are organisms classified? - ANSWER: on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic
relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? -
ANSWER: Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner.
The best way to discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - ANSWER: Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom? - ANSWER: smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical
properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a
solid, gas or liquid
What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER: Nucleus in the center that contains
protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is
called an electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER: A chemical bond that's formed when an atom
transfers and electron to another Atom
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER: Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order
to have a completed outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - ANSWER: Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of
electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - ANSWER: Carbon and
hydrogen
,What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? -
ANSWER: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - ANSWER: Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - ANSWER: Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
What are the different kinds of carbs? - ANSWER: Glucose= monosaccharide that
serves as blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein - ANSWER: macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
Lipid - ANSWER: Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that
are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
Nucleic acid - ANSWER: macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
carbon, and phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
What is the cell theory? - ANSWER: All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome - ANSWER: Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER: A cell structure that forms a maze of
passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the
cell to another.
Smooth ER - ANSWER: Makes lipids
Rough ER - ANSWER: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with
ribosomes.
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER: Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports
them
, Lysosome - ANSWER: Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole - ANSWER: Stores food, enzymes and other material
Mitochondria - ANSWER: Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth,
development and movement
Nucleus - ANSWER: A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
Cell wall - ANSWER: A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides
support to the cell
Explain the process of diffusion: - ANSWER: Molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration until the concentration of molecules
is the same at both sites
Explain the process of osmosis: - ANSWER: Water moves from areas of low solute
concentration to areas of high solute concentration
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - ANSWER: S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? - ANSWER: Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical
reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER: -The process in which the Sun's
energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER: Cellular respiration is the process that
releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER: 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 +
6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER: "splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER: This term refers to a series of chemical reactions
that involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy)
along with hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and
(CO2).
