CCRN EXAM LATEST ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|
ALREADY GRADED A+
Cardiac Output - ANSWER: The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one
minute. 4-8L/min. HR + Stroke Volume.
Stroke Volume - ANSWER: The amount of blood ejected from each ventricle with
each heartbeat. 50-100mL/heartbeat. Determined by preload, afterload, and
contractility.
Preload - ANSWER: The filling pressure. The distending force that stretches the
ventricles during diastole. Determined by the amount of venous return to the heart.
CVP 2-8mmHg.
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) - ANSWER: Wedge pressure. Used to
assess LV function. A pulmonary artery catheter is inserted to measure this. Normal
8-12 mmHg.
Afterload - ANSWER: The resistance to ventricular emptying during systole. Measure
by systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR).
Systemic Vascular Resistance Range of Normal - ANSWER: 800-1200
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Range of Normal - ANSWER: 100-250
Contractility - ANSWER: The strength of the myocardial contraction. Measured by
stroke volume index (SVI). Normal is 35-60ml/beat/m^2.
Inotrope - ANSWER: Medicines that change the force of your heart's contractions.
Can be positive (strengthen force) or negative (weaken force).
Chronotrope - ANSWER: Medicines that change heart rate. Can be positive (increase
HR) or negative (decrease HR).
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) - ANSWER: Device that helps your heart pump
more blood. Improves myocardial oxygen supply and reduces cardiac workload.
Inflates at diastole, deflates and systole. Indications include cardiogenic shock,
refractory angina, LV failure. Contraindications include aortic valve insuffciency,
aortic aneurysms, severe PAD.
Cardiac Index (CI) - ANSWER: A measurement that compares a person's cardiac
output to their BSA. Normal is 2.5-4L/min/m^2.
Anterior EKG Leads - ANSWER: V1-V4. Left anterior descending (LAD) artery.
, Inferior EKG Leads - ANSWER: II, III, aVF. Right coronary artery (RCA).
Lateral EKG Leads - ANSWER: I, aVL, V5, V6. Circumflex artery.
Papillary Muscle Rupture - ANSWER: Seen 2-7 days post MI. Symptoms include
hypotension, pulmonary edema, and a new murmur. Urgent surgery is often needed.
Diagnosed with ECHO.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER: Heart is stretched out, muscles get thin. Most
common type. Caused by MI, ETOH use, pregnancy, viral myocarditis (influenza),
CAD, HTN. Symptoms are low EF, atrial dysrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension,
crackles, SOB, edema, JVD. Treat with inotropic agents (dobutamine), diuretics,
betablockers, ACE inhibitors, transplant.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER: Muscles get thick. Genetic. Can be
obstructive (when hypertrophy of the septum obstructs the aortic valve) or
nonobstructive. Causes ventricular hypertrophy. Symptoms are chest pain,
palpitations, SOB, syncope, ventricular dysrhythmias, systolic murmur. Treat with
betablockers.
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER: Heart isn't stretchy, fibrotic fibers are mixed
in with muscle fibers. Can be caused by amyloidosis or sarcoidosis. Symptoms are S3,
S4, JVD, fatigue, palpitations, edema in legs and feet. Treat with diuretics, sodium
and fluid restrictions, vasodilators.
Adult UOP - ANSWER: 0.5-1.5 ml/kg/hr
Phenytoin - ANSWER: Anticonvulsant. Side effects: HA, N/V, constipation
Calcitonin - ANSWER: Hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood. More of it
decreases calcium levels.
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate - ANSWER: Treats hyperkalemia
Procainadmide - ANSWER: Treats arrhythmias, A.fib, Wolff Parkinson White
syndrome. Side effects include cardiac toxicity, QRS, Qt, and PR prolongation,
bradycardia.
Desmopressin - ANSWER: Synthetic vasopressin; and antidiuretic hormone. Treats
DI.
Epoprostenol - ANSWER: Vasodilator used to treat pulmonary hypertension
Normal Pulmonary BP - ANSWER: 25/10 mmHg
Transvenous Pacing - ANSWER: A temporary procedure that uses an external
generator to maintain a patient's heart rate. Used to treat symptomatic bradycardia.
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|
ALREADY GRADED A+
Cardiac Output - ANSWER: The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one
minute. 4-8L/min. HR + Stroke Volume.
Stroke Volume - ANSWER: The amount of blood ejected from each ventricle with
each heartbeat. 50-100mL/heartbeat. Determined by preload, afterload, and
contractility.
Preload - ANSWER: The filling pressure. The distending force that stretches the
ventricles during diastole. Determined by the amount of venous return to the heart.
CVP 2-8mmHg.
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) - ANSWER: Wedge pressure. Used to
assess LV function. A pulmonary artery catheter is inserted to measure this. Normal
8-12 mmHg.
Afterload - ANSWER: The resistance to ventricular emptying during systole. Measure
by systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR).
Systemic Vascular Resistance Range of Normal - ANSWER: 800-1200
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Range of Normal - ANSWER: 100-250
Contractility - ANSWER: The strength of the myocardial contraction. Measured by
stroke volume index (SVI). Normal is 35-60ml/beat/m^2.
Inotrope - ANSWER: Medicines that change the force of your heart's contractions.
Can be positive (strengthen force) or negative (weaken force).
Chronotrope - ANSWER: Medicines that change heart rate. Can be positive (increase
HR) or negative (decrease HR).
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) - ANSWER: Device that helps your heart pump
more blood. Improves myocardial oxygen supply and reduces cardiac workload.
Inflates at diastole, deflates and systole. Indications include cardiogenic shock,
refractory angina, LV failure. Contraindications include aortic valve insuffciency,
aortic aneurysms, severe PAD.
Cardiac Index (CI) - ANSWER: A measurement that compares a person's cardiac
output to their BSA. Normal is 2.5-4L/min/m^2.
Anterior EKG Leads - ANSWER: V1-V4. Left anterior descending (LAD) artery.
, Inferior EKG Leads - ANSWER: II, III, aVF. Right coronary artery (RCA).
Lateral EKG Leads - ANSWER: I, aVL, V5, V6. Circumflex artery.
Papillary Muscle Rupture - ANSWER: Seen 2-7 days post MI. Symptoms include
hypotension, pulmonary edema, and a new murmur. Urgent surgery is often needed.
Diagnosed with ECHO.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER: Heart is stretched out, muscles get thin. Most
common type. Caused by MI, ETOH use, pregnancy, viral myocarditis (influenza),
CAD, HTN. Symptoms are low EF, atrial dysrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension,
crackles, SOB, edema, JVD. Treat with inotropic agents (dobutamine), diuretics,
betablockers, ACE inhibitors, transplant.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER: Muscles get thick. Genetic. Can be
obstructive (when hypertrophy of the septum obstructs the aortic valve) or
nonobstructive. Causes ventricular hypertrophy. Symptoms are chest pain,
palpitations, SOB, syncope, ventricular dysrhythmias, systolic murmur. Treat with
betablockers.
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER: Heart isn't stretchy, fibrotic fibers are mixed
in with muscle fibers. Can be caused by amyloidosis or sarcoidosis. Symptoms are S3,
S4, JVD, fatigue, palpitations, edema in legs and feet. Treat with diuretics, sodium
and fluid restrictions, vasodilators.
Adult UOP - ANSWER: 0.5-1.5 ml/kg/hr
Phenytoin - ANSWER: Anticonvulsant. Side effects: HA, N/V, constipation
Calcitonin - ANSWER: Hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood. More of it
decreases calcium levels.
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate - ANSWER: Treats hyperkalemia
Procainadmide - ANSWER: Treats arrhythmias, A.fib, Wolff Parkinson White
syndrome. Side effects include cardiac toxicity, QRS, Qt, and PR prolongation,
bradycardia.
Desmopressin - ANSWER: Synthetic vasopressin; and antidiuretic hormone. Treats
DI.
Epoprostenol - ANSWER: Vasodilator used to treat pulmonary hypertension
Normal Pulmonary BP - ANSWER: 25/10 mmHg
Transvenous Pacing - ANSWER: A temporary procedure that uses an external
generator to maintain a patient's heart rate. Used to treat symptomatic bradycardia.
