Insy 3303 Scott Johnson Chapter 4-6 Questions + Answers Graded A+

Building Block Design Process - ️️many other organizations now use a simpler approach to network design that we call the building-block process. The key concept in the building-block process is that networks that use a few standard components throughout the network are cheaper in the long run than networks that use a variety of different components on different parts of the network. Asynchronous Transmission - ️️is often referred to as start-stop transmission because the transmitting computer can transmit a character whenever it is convenient, and the receiving computer will accept that character. Access Layer 167 - ️️Provides access to the network, network designs begins with it, primary wireless LAN. ACK - ️️Acknowledgement is a signal passed between communicating, processes, computers, or devices to signify acknowledgment . Address Resolution 130 - ️️to send a message, must be able to translate application layer address of the destination to the network layer address and translate that to the data link layer address ARP 132 - ️️stands for address resolution protocol, basically translate the subnet to another computer then it is being processed by all computers in the same LAN.. ARQ 100 - ️️this stands for automatic repeat request. Once error has been detected, it must be corrected. The simplest, most effective, least expensive, And most commonly used method for error correction is retransmission. With retransmission, a receiver that detects an error simply asks the sender to retransmit the message until it is received without error. There's two types, stop and wait and continuous. Baselining - ️️Baselining is a method for analyzing computer network performance. The method is marked by comparing current performance to a historical metric, or "baseline". BGP - ️️is a dynamic distance vector exterior routing protocol used on the Internet to exchange routing information between autonomous systems— that is, large sections of the Internet. Although BGP is the preferred routing protocol betweenInternet sections, it is seldomused inside companies because it is large, complex, and often hard to administer. BN - ️️A backbone network (BN) is a large central network that connects almost everything on a single company site Bottle neck - ️️a circuit that is filled almost to its capacity and thus is the critical point that determines whether users get good or bad response times. Circuit loading - ️️the amount of data transmitted on a circuit Common Carrier - ️️Big phone carriers such as at&T Core layer - ️️The third network architecture component is the campus backbone (sometimes called the core layer), which connects all the buildings on one campus. The campus backbone is usually faster than the backbones we use inside buildings because it typically carriesmore traffic than they do. We use routers or layer 3 switches that do routing when we design the campus backbone. Cost Assessment - ️️the relative costs of the technologies are considered DHCP - ️️- The most common standard for dynamic addressing is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Data Center - ️️The fourth network architecture component is the data center, which contains the organization's servers (e.g., database servers, email servers). Distribution Layer - ️️The second network architecture component is the building backbone network, which some vendors call the distribution layer, because it distributes network traffic to and from the LANs. DNS - ️️Server name resolution is the translation of application layer addresses into network layer addresses (e.g., translating an Internet address such as into an IP address such as 204.71.200.74).This is done using the Domain Name Service (DNS)E-commerce Edge - ️️The final network architecture component is the e-commerce edge. The e-commerce edge is a special LAN with a group of severs that enables electronic data exchange between the organization and the external entities with which it does business (such as its customers or suppliers) EIGRP - ️️Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a dynamic hybrid interior routing protocol developed by Cisco and is commonly used inside organizations. Enterprise Edge - ️️The last three components of the network architecturemake up the enterprise edge, the parts of the network that are at the edge of an enterprise campus and connect that campus to the rest of the world Error control - ️️error control is defined to be a layer-2 function—it is the responsibility of the data link layer. Error prevention - ️️Shielding (protecting wires by covering them with an insulating coating) is one of the best ways to prevent impulse noise, cross-talk, and intermodulation noise. Moving cables away from sources of noise (especially power sources) can also reduce impulse noise, cross-talk, and intermodulation noise. For impulse noise, this means avoiding lights and heavy machinery. Locating communication cables away from power cables is always a good idea. For cross-talk, this means physically separating the cables from other communication cable Error Detection - ️️It is possible to develop data transmissionmethodologies that give very high error-detection performance. The only way to do error detection is to send extra data with each message. These error-detection data are added to each message by the data link layer of the sender on the basis of some mathematical calculations performed on the message (in some cases, error-detection methods are built into the hardware itself).The receiver performs the same mathematical calculations on the message it receives and matches its results against the error-detection data that were transmitted with the message. If the two match, the message is assumed to be correct. If they don't match, an error has occurred.Frame - ️️With synchronous transmission, all the letters or data in one group of data are transmitted at one time as a block of data.This block of data is called a frame. HDLC - ️️High-level data link control (HDLC) is a formal standard developed by the ISO often used in WANs. ICMP - ️️Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is the simplest interior routing protocol on the Internet. ICMP is simply an error-reporting protocol that enables computers to report routing errors to message senders. ICMP also has a very limited ability to update routing tables. IOS - ️️Cisco Internetwork Operating Systems (IOS) Information Bits - ️️Each communication protocol has both information bits and overhead bits. Information bits are those used to convey the user's meaning