MN551 MIDTERM REVISION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following individuals would be considered to be
at risk for the development of edema?
An 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and
hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of
small cell lung cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting
that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following
phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and
cachexia?
Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state
cause cachexia
Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of
the respiratory pressures that govern ventilation?
Question options:
Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs against the chest
wall
Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old girl developed
scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was
diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As
part of her diagnostic workup, blood work was performed.
Which of the following results is most likely to be considered
unexpected by the health care team?
,Increased thrombopoietin levels
Which of the following situations related to the transition
from fetal to perinatal circulation would be most likely to
necessitate medical intervention?
Pulmonary vascular resistance, related to muscle regression in
the pulmonary arteries, rises over the course of the infant's first
week.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a
nurse practitioner first expect blood to be largely free of
plasma proteins?
Bowman Space
A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a
surgical unit of a hospital is at risk for developing atelectasis as
a result of being largely immobile. Which of the following
teaching points by her nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
Question options:
"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs
expand as much as possible while you're in bed."
A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a
hypertrophied left ventricle, normal chamber volume, and a
normal ejection fraction from the heart. What is this patient's
most likely diagnosis?
Aortic valve stenosis
,A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised
by friends to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order
to have a future source of stem cells. The couple have
approached their nurse practitioner with this request and are
seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and
what they might expect to gain from harvesting them. How
can the nurse practitioner best respond to the couple's
inquiry?
"Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the
entire blood production system."
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of
two different genes, neither of which could have produced the
trait independently. Which of the following explanations best
captures the genetic explanation for this?
The outcome is the result of the interaction between
collaborative genes.
A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse
practitioner because he has been awakening three to four
times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to void with
little warning during the day. What is the man's most likely
diagnosis and possible underlying pathophysiologic problem?
Overactive bladder that may result from both neurogenic and
myogenic sources
As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithelial cells are
producing insufficient amounts of mucus. Consequently, the
, patient's mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which of the
following changes would a care provider most reasonably
anticipate as a direct result of this change?
Increased amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The primary role of
the mucociliary blanket is to trap foreign particles and bacteria
and thus prevent their entry into the lungs. The impaired ciliary
function may result in an inadequate mucociliary blanket, but
the opposite relationship is unlikely. Decreased oxygen and
increased carbon dioxide levels may eventually result, but not
as a direct or immediate consequence.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a
history of congestive heart failure. The nurse practitioner
caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at an angle
in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is
jugular venous distention a useful indicator for the assessment
of the patient's condition?
Blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves
at the point of entry into the heart.
Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an
infective agent that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses
endotoxins, replicates readily in broth and on agar, grows in
clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to crystal
violet. This pneumonia is most likely:
bacterial
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following individuals would be considered to be
at risk for the development of edema?
An 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and
hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of
small cell lung cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting
that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following
phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and
cachexia?
Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state
cause cachexia
Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of
the respiratory pressures that govern ventilation?
Question options:
Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs against the chest
wall
Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old girl developed
scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was
diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As
part of her diagnostic workup, blood work was performed.
Which of the following results is most likely to be considered
unexpected by the health care team?
,Increased thrombopoietin levels
Which of the following situations related to the transition
from fetal to perinatal circulation would be most likely to
necessitate medical intervention?
Pulmonary vascular resistance, related to muscle regression in
the pulmonary arteries, rises over the course of the infant's first
week.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a
nurse practitioner first expect blood to be largely free of
plasma proteins?
Bowman Space
A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a
surgical unit of a hospital is at risk for developing atelectasis as
a result of being largely immobile. Which of the following
teaching points by her nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
Question options:
"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs
expand as much as possible while you're in bed."
A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a
hypertrophied left ventricle, normal chamber volume, and a
normal ejection fraction from the heart. What is this patient's
most likely diagnosis?
Aortic valve stenosis
,A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised
by friends to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order
to have a future source of stem cells. The couple have
approached their nurse practitioner with this request and are
seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and
what they might expect to gain from harvesting them. How
can the nurse practitioner best respond to the couple's
inquiry?
"Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the
entire blood production system."
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of
two different genes, neither of which could have produced the
trait independently. Which of the following explanations best
captures the genetic explanation for this?
The outcome is the result of the interaction between
collaborative genes.
A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse
practitioner because he has been awakening three to four
times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to void with
little warning during the day. What is the man's most likely
diagnosis and possible underlying pathophysiologic problem?
Overactive bladder that may result from both neurogenic and
myogenic sources
As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithelial cells are
producing insufficient amounts of mucus. Consequently, the
, patient's mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which of the
following changes would a care provider most reasonably
anticipate as a direct result of this change?
Increased amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The primary role of
the mucociliary blanket is to trap foreign particles and bacteria
and thus prevent their entry into the lungs. The impaired ciliary
function may result in an inadequate mucociliary blanket, but
the opposite relationship is unlikely. Decreased oxygen and
increased carbon dioxide levels may eventually result, but not
as a direct or immediate consequence.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a
history of congestive heart failure. The nurse practitioner
caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at an angle
in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is
jugular venous distention a useful indicator for the assessment
of the patient's condition?
Blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves
at the point of entry into the heart.
Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an
infective agent that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses
endotoxins, replicates readily in broth and on agar, grows in
clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to crystal
violet. This pneumonia is most likely:
bacterial
