GI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM ACTUAL
EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Intrinisic innervation by enteric nervous system - ANSWER: Within the wall of the GI:
Myenteric Plexus (Auerbach's)
Submucosal Plexus (Meissner's)
Myenteric Plexus (Auerbach's) - ANSWER: *Located between layers of muscularis
externa
*Regulates motility/muscular contraction
Submucosal Plexus (Meissner's) - ANSWER: *Located in the submucosa
*Regulates secretion and absorption
Extrinisic Innervation of GI - ANSWER: Outside the wall of the GI.
*Sympathetic
*Parasympathetic
*Neurotrasmitters (acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, norepi)
Sympathetic Innervation of GI - ANSWER: *Via celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior
mesenteric ganglion
*Decreased motility and secretion
*Increased sphincter ctx
*Increased vasoconstriction
Parasympathetic Innervation of GI - ANSWER: *Via vagus nerve (mouth to transverse
colon), pelvic nerve (distal colon, rectum, anus)
*Increased motility and secretion
*Sphincter relaxation
Gastrin - ANSWER: *Released @ gastric antrum and duodenum
*Stimulated by peptides, amino acids, distention, vagal stimulation
*Stinulates acid secretion
CCK - ANSWER: *Released in duodenum and jejunum
*In response to peptides, amino acids, fatty acids
, *Stimulates gallbladder ctx, bicarb secretion
Secretin - ANSWER: *Released by duodenum
*In the presnece of acid (fat)
*Stimulates bicarb secretion. Inhibits gastric acid secretion
Motilin - ANSWER: *Released in duodenum ad jejunim
*Stimulates gastric and duodenal motility
Pancreatic polypeptide - ANSWER: *Released at islets of Langerhans in reponse to
proteins (fat and glucose)
*Inhibits pacreatic bicarb and ezyme secretion
Somatostatin - ANSWER: Released in response to acid. Vagal inhibits release
Inhibits release of most other peptide hormones
Prostaglandins (GI) - ANSWER: Promotes blood flow, increases mucous and bicarb
secretion from gastric mucosa
Histamine (GI) - ANSWER: Stimulates gastric acid secretion
VIP - ANSWER: Relaxes spincters and gut circular muscle; stimulates intestinal and
pancreatic secretion
Intrinisic factor - ANSWER: Released by parietal cells in the stomach to bind vit b12
and facilitate its absorption
Mucin - ANSWER: Goblet cells. Lubrication and protection
Acid - ANSWER: Parietal cells of stomach.
Prevents infection; initiates digestion; activates enzyme pepsinogen; release b12
from food
H+ ion secretion process by parietal cells - ANSWER: *Secreted by parietal cells in
gastric body
*H+ formed within parietal cells is pumped via H+ -K+ ATPase (proton pump) against
a high H+ concentration gradient.
*Cl- transported across the parietal cells to the GI lumen --> HCl
EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Intrinisic innervation by enteric nervous system - ANSWER: Within the wall of the GI:
Myenteric Plexus (Auerbach's)
Submucosal Plexus (Meissner's)
Myenteric Plexus (Auerbach's) - ANSWER: *Located between layers of muscularis
externa
*Regulates motility/muscular contraction
Submucosal Plexus (Meissner's) - ANSWER: *Located in the submucosa
*Regulates secretion and absorption
Extrinisic Innervation of GI - ANSWER: Outside the wall of the GI.
*Sympathetic
*Parasympathetic
*Neurotrasmitters (acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, norepi)
Sympathetic Innervation of GI - ANSWER: *Via celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior
mesenteric ganglion
*Decreased motility and secretion
*Increased sphincter ctx
*Increased vasoconstriction
Parasympathetic Innervation of GI - ANSWER: *Via vagus nerve (mouth to transverse
colon), pelvic nerve (distal colon, rectum, anus)
*Increased motility and secretion
*Sphincter relaxation
Gastrin - ANSWER: *Released @ gastric antrum and duodenum
*Stimulated by peptides, amino acids, distention, vagal stimulation
*Stinulates acid secretion
CCK - ANSWER: *Released in duodenum and jejunum
*In response to peptides, amino acids, fatty acids
, *Stimulates gallbladder ctx, bicarb secretion
Secretin - ANSWER: *Released by duodenum
*In the presnece of acid (fat)
*Stimulates bicarb secretion. Inhibits gastric acid secretion
Motilin - ANSWER: *Released in duodenum ad jejunim
*Stimulates gastric and duodenal motility
Pancreatic polypeptide - ANSWER: *Released at islets of Langerhans in reponse to
proteins (fat and glucose)
*Inhibits pacreatic bicarb and ezyme secretion
Somatostatin - ANSWER: Released in response to acid. Vagal inhibits release
Inhibits release of most other peptide hormones
Prostaglandins (GI) - ANSWER: Promotes blood flow, increases mucous and bicarb
secretion from gastric mucosa
Histamine (GI) - ANSWER: Stimulates gastric acid secretion
VIP - ANSWER: Relaxes spincters and gut circular muscle; stimulates intestinal and
pancreatic secretion
Intrinisic factor - ANSWER: Released by parietal cells in the stomach to bind vit b12
and facilitate its absorption
Mucin - ANSWER: Goblet cells. Lubrication and protection
Acid - ANSWER: Parietal cells of stomach.
Prevents infection; initiates digestion; activates enzyme pepsinogen; release b12
from food
H+ ion secretion process by parietal cells - ANSWER: *Secreted by parietal cells in
gastric body
*H+ formed within parietal cells is pumped via H+ -K+ ATPase (proton pump) against
a high H+ concentration gradient.
*Cl- transported across the parietal cells to the GI lumen --> HCl
