NCE & CPCE - HUMAN GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
Development
systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occur between conception and death.
A decreased ability to recall previously learned information, caused by learning of new information is
called:
Retroactive inhibition
A loss of memory that occurs when old information interferes with newly-learned information is
called:
Proactive inhibition
Crisis:
A sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event that overwhelms an individual and leaving
them unable to deal with a circumstance.
Developmental crisis:
caused by normal life experiences
,Environmental crisis:
caused by natural or human caused events affecting multiple people in the affected environment
Existential crisis:
a moment at which an individual questions the very foundations of their life: whether this life has any
meaning, purpose, or value
Situational crisis:
Caused by a precipitating event that is shocking and traumatic.
Psychiatric crisis:
Caused by mental health and/or substance use problems
Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
The three stages of the body's physiological reaction to stress: In order, alarm, resistance, and
exhaustion.
Three areas of development
physical, cognitive, and psychosocial
When someone does not fully resolve and work through a crisis situation, he or she may experience
transcrisis
Four theories of human growth and development:
learning, cognitive, psychoanalytic, and humanistic
Types of human growth and development changes
,qualitative, quantitative, continuous/discontinuous, and mechanistic/organismic
Continuous change
changes are sequential; cannot be separated easily (ex. personality development)
Discontinuous change
certain changes in abilities or behaviors can be separated from others which argues for stages of
development (ex. language development).
Mechanistic change
the reduction of all behavior to common elements (ex. instinctual, reflexive behavior).
Organismic change
because of new changes, there is change or discontinuity; it is more than Stimulus Response (ex. moral
or ethical development).
Qualitative change
change in structure or organization (ex. sexual development).
Quantitative change
change in number, degree or frequency (ex. intellectual development).
Self-concept
your perception of your qualities, attributes, and traits.
Birth (self-concept)
no sense of self, but quickly changes
, 24 Months (self-concept)
self-recognition, able to identify social categories they are in such as age and gender; exhibit various
temperaments
Preschool (self-concept)
very concrete and physical; able to describe inner qualities
Adolescence (self-concept)
more abstract and psychological; stabilization of attributes continues
Identity:
An understanding of one's unique characteristics and how they have been, are, and will be manifested
across ages, situations, and social roles. _____________ serves to help the individual develop into a
constant, coherent, and unique whole.
Normative identity:
identity consistent with the values/expectations of society/culture
Deviant identity:
Inconsistent with the values and expectations of society or culture, or, at least, not not systematically
reinforced (e.g., addiction to drugs/alcohol, criminal).
Achieved identity:
an identity that has been earned through effort and ability
Ascribed identity:
DEVELOPMENT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
Development
systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occur between conception and death.
A decreased ability to recall previously learned information, caused by learning of new information is
called:
Retroactive inhibition
A loss of memory that occurs when old information interferes with newly-learned information is
called:
Proactive inhibition
Crisis:
A sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event that overwhelms an individual and leaving
them unable to deal with a circumstance.
Developmental crisis:
caused by normal life experiences
,Environmental crisis:
caused by natural or human caused events affecting multiple people in the affected environment
Existential crisis:
a moment at which an individual questions the very foundations of their life: whether this life has any
meaning, purpose, or value
Situational crisis:
Caused by a precipitating event that is shocking and traumatic.
Psychiatric crisis:
Caused by mental health and/or substance use problems
Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
The three stages of the body's physiological reaction to stress: In order, alarm, resistance, and
exhaustion.
Three areas of development
physical, cognitive, and psychosocial
When someone does not fully resolve and work through a crisis situation, he or she may experience
transcrisis
Four theories of human growth and development:
learning, cognitive, psychoanalytic, and humanistic
Types of human growth and development changes
,qualitative, quantitative, continuous/discontinuous, and mechanistic/organismic
Continuous change
changes are sequential; cannot be separated easily (ex. personality development)
Discontinuous change
certain changes in abilities or behaviors can be separated from others which argues for stages of
development (ex. language development).
Mechanistic change
the reduction of all behavior to common elements (ex. instinctual, reflexive behavior).
Organismic change
because of new changes, there is change or discontinuity; it is more than Stimulus Response (ex. moral
or ethical development).
Qualitative change
change in structure or organization (ex. sexual development).
Quantitative change
change in number, degree or frequency (ex. intellectual development).
Self-concept
your perception of your qualities, attributes, and traits.
Birth (self-concept)
no sense of self, but quickly changes
, 24 Months (self-concept)
self-recognition, able to identify social categories they are in such as age and gender; exhibit various
temperaments
Preschool (self-concept)
very concrete and physical; able to describe inner qualities
Adolescence (self-concept)
more abstract and psychological; stabilization of attributes continues
Identity:
An understanding of one's unique characteristics and how they have been, are, and will be manifested
across ages, situations, and social roles. _____________ serves to help the individual develop into a
constant, coherent, and unique whole.
Normative identity:
identity consistent with the values/expectations of society/culture
Deviant identity:
Inconsistent with the values and expectations of society or culture, or, at least, not not systematically
reinforced (e.g., addiction to drugs/alcohol, criminal).
Achieved identity:
an identity that has been earned through effort and ability
Ascribed identity:
