NCE & CPCE-SOCIAL / CULTURAL DIVERSITY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Culture
shared values, practices, social norms, and worldviews associated with a particular cultural group
Cultural Encapsulation
a counselor not understanding the client's worldview or cultural identity, and fails to integrate this
information in practice.
Multicultural counseling
the integration of cultural identities within the counseling process
Cultural identity
degree to which individuals identify belonging to subgroups of various cultural groups or categories
When was culture first discussed in mental health?
1960s and 1970s
Etic
Viewing clients from a universal perspective; people using this perspective might hold the idea that "All
humans are fundamentally the same," regardless of the culture they belong to. Etic also refers to holding
,an outsider's perspective on a culture. Etic perspectives allow for the comparison and contrast of
different cultures from outside of a particular culture.
Emic
Using counseling approaches specific to the client's culture; each individual must be considered as a
unique individual who is a member of a cultural group. It refers to the efforts made to understand a
culture's norms from inside the culture. ______________ refers to interpreting the meanings, values,
and beliefs of individuals from inside the individual's cultural group.
According to Ivey & Ivey (2007), approximately what percentage of communication is nonverbal?
85%
High-context communication
Relaying messages by relying heavily on surroundings. It assumes "many things can be left unsaid."
Nonverbal cues create social harmony.
Low-context communication
Communicating primarily verbally to express thoughts and feelings.
Paralanguage
Verbal cues other than words (e.g., volume, tempo, prolongation of sound, and disfluencies).
What is a "disfluency"?
Various surface interruptions that occur in on-going speech. these include "um," "uh," or "like."
Kinesics
posture, body movements, and positions (facial expressions, eye contact and gazes, and touch)
, Chronemics
how individuals conceptualize and act toward time
Monochromatic time
an orientation toward time in a linear fashion (use of schedules and advanced planning)
Polychromic time
the value of time as secondary to relationships among people
Proxemics
use of personal physical distance
4 interpersonal distance zones
intimate (0-18 inches), personal (18 inches to 4 feet), social (4 feet to 12 feet), and public (12 feet or
more)
Acculturation
The process by which ethnic and racial minorities integrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customs from
the majority or dominant culture.
Assimilation means:
Becoming absorbed by the majority/dominant culture.
4 models of acculturation according to Paniagua (2005):
1. Assimilation
2. Seperation
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Culture
shared values, practices, social norms, and worldviews associated with a particular cultural group
Cultural Encapsulation
a counselor not understanding the client's worldview or cultural identity, and fails to integrate this
information in practice.
Multicultural counseling
the integration of cultural identities within the counseling process
Cultural identity
degree to which individuals identify belonging to subgroups of various cultural groups or categories
When was culture first discussed in mental health?
1960s and 1970s
Etic
Viewing clients from a universal perspective; people using this perspective might hold the idea that "All
humans are fundamentally the same," regardless of the culture they belong to. Etic also refers to holding
,an outsider's perspective on a culture. Etic perspectives allow for the comparison and contrast of
different cultures from outside of a particular culture.
Emic
Using counseling approaches specific to the client's culture; each individual must be considered as a
unique individual who is a member of a cultural group. It refers to the efforts made to understand a
culture's norms from inside the culture. ______________ refers to interpreting the meanings, values,
and beliefs of individuals from inside the individual's cultural group.
According to Ivey & Ivey (2007), approximately what percentage of communication is nonverbal?
85%
High-context communication
Relaying messages by relying heavily on surroundings. It assumes "many things can be left unsaid."
Nonverbal cues create social harmony.
Low-context communication
Communicating primarily verbally to express thoughts and feelings.
Paralanguage
Verbal cues other than words (e.g., volume, tempo, prolongation of sound, and disfluencies).
What is a "disfluency"?
Various surface interruptions that occur in on-going speech. these include "um," "uh," or "like."
Kinesics
posture, body movements, and positions (facial expressions, eye contact and gazes, and touch)
, Chronemics
how individuals conceptualize and act toward time
Monochromatic time
an orientation toward time in a linear fashion (use of schedules and advanced planning)
Polychromic time
the value of time as secondary to relationships among people
Proxemics
use of personal physical distance
4 interpersonal distance zones
intimate (0-18 inches), personal (18 inches to 4 feet), social (4 feet to 12 feet), and public (12 feet or
more)
Acculturation
The process by which ethnic and racial minorities integrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customs from
the majority or dominant culture.
Assimilation means:
Becoming absorbed by the majority/dominant culture.
4 models of acculturation according to Paniagua (2005):
1. Assimilation
2. Seperation
