CPCE AND NCE PREP EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes 3 progressive levels
1. Pre-conventional (Decisions are shaped by expectations of adults and consequences
of breaking the rules)
2. Conventional Morality (adolescents and adults internalize moral standards they have
learned from society and role-models)
3. Post-conventional level (principled thought, wherein the individual adopts a self-
accepted set of standards of behavior
Kohlberg's theory of moral development - Preconventional two stages
Stage 1 - Obedience and punishment
Stage 2 - Individualism and exchange
Kohlberg's theory of moral development - Conventional Morality two stages
Stage 3 - Developing good interpersonal relationships
Stage 4 - Maintaining social order
Kohlberg's theory of mal development - Post-conventional morality two stages
Stage 5 - Social contract and individual rights
Stage 6 - Universal principles
What does CACREP stand for?
The Council for the Accreditation and Counseling Related Educational Programs
What does CCE stand for?
,Center for Credentialing and Education, inc
What does REBT stand for and who is the main theorist associated with it?
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy; Ellis
Freud's psychosexual stages of development
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital
Erik Erikson's Stages
1. trust vs. mistrust
2. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
3. initiative vs. guilt
4. industry vs. inferiority
5. identity vs. role confusion
6. intimacy vs. isolation
7. generativity vs. stagnation
8. integrity vs. despair
Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)
0-1 years. Erikson's first stage during the first year of life, infants learn to trust when
they are cared for in a consistent warm manner
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson)
1 - 3 years. Using new mental and motor skills, children want to choose and decide for
themselves. Autonomy is fostered when parents permit reasonable free choice and do
not force or shame the child. Aligns with Freud's anal stage
Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)
,3-6 yrs, good: sense of purpose, ability to initiate activities, ability to enjoy
accomplishment, bad: fear of punishment, restrict himself, show off
Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)
6-12 yrs, good: competence, exercise his/her abilities and intelligence in the world, be
able to affect world in the way that the child desires bad: inadequacy, low self esteem
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson)
13-19 yr, *most crucial* teens struggle with identity crisis, if healthy experimentation is
fostered they attain identity achievement; if not, they face insecurity and low self-worth
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson)
20-40 yrs, good: love, intimate relationships, commitment. bad: avoidance of
commitment, alienation, distancing oneself
Generativity vs. Stagnation (Erikson)
40-60 years. favorable resolution results in an individual capable of being a productive,
caring, and contributing member of society. If this crisis is not overcome, one acquires a
sense of stagnation and may become self-indulgent, bored, and self-centered
Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson)
60- death. involves reevaluating what we have done in our lives. If we feel we have
done well we have a sense of integrity, otherwise we experience gloom and doubt.
Psychodiagnositc
The study of personality through interpretation of behavior and non-verbal cues; or
labeling a client in a diagnostic category
Psychopharamacology
The study of the effects drugs have on psychological functions
, What is the id?
the basic instinct principle in Freudian theory. It is the seat of aggression and sexual
impulse. It is devoid of logic and time orientation. It is chaotic and bodily focused.
What is the ego?
this is the reality principle in Freudian theory. It indicates power of reasoning and control
over behavior. It helps keep the impulses of the id in check.
What is the superego?
its our moral conscience, and is found as part of the conscious and unconscious mind
Which group of theorists believe "if you can't measure it, it doesn't exist"?
Behaviorists.
They focus on O.O.B (Observable Objective Behaviors)
Who is the only psychoanalyst with a developmental theory that covered the
entire lifespan?
Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages
Each stage has a crisis or turning point
What theory is A.A. Brill associated with?
Career theory
Milton H. Erickson is associated with...
Brief psychotherapy and innovative techniques in hypnosis
What field is Jean Piaget associated with?
Cognitive Child Development
Who is Jay Haley and what is the nature of his contribution to counseling?
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes 3 progressive levels
1. Pre-conventional (Decisions are shaped by expectations of adults and consequences
of breaking the rules)
2. Conventional Morality (adolescents and adults internalize moral standards they have
learned from society and role-models)
3. Post-conventional level (principled thought, wherein the individual adopts a self-
accepted set of standards of behavior
Kohlberg's theory of moral development - Preconventional two stages
Stage 1 - Obedience and punishment
Stage 2 - Individualism and exchange
Kohlberg's theory of moral development - Conventional Morality two stages
Stage 3 - Developing good interpersonal relationships
Stage 4 - Maintaining social order
Kohlberg's theory of mal development - Post-conventional morality two stages
Stage 5 - Social contract and individual rights
Stage 6 - Universal principles
What does CACREP stand for?
The Council for the Accreditation and Counseling Related Educational Programs
What does CCE stand for?
,Center for Credentialing and Education, inc
What does REBT stand for and who is the main theorist associated with it?
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy; Ellis
Freud's psychosexual stages of development
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital
Erik Erikson's Stages
1. trust vs. mistrust
2. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
3. initiative vs. guilt
4. industry vs. inferiority
5. identity vs. role confusion
6. intimacy vs. isolation
7. generativity vs. stagnation
8. integrity vs. despair
Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)
0-1 years. Erikson's first stage during the first year of life, infants learn to trust when
they are cared for in a consistent warm manner
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson)
1 - 3 years. Using new mental and motor skills, children want to choose and decide for
themselves. Autonomy is fostered when parents permit reasonable free choice and do
not force or shame the child. Aligns with Freud's anal stage
Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)
,3-6 yrs, good: sense of purpose, ability to initiate activities, ability to enjoy
accomplishment, bad: fear of punishment, restrict himself, show off
Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)
6-12 yrs, good: competence, exercise his/her abilities and intelligence in the world, be
able to affect world in the way that the child desires bad: inadequacy, low self esteem
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson)
13-19 yr, *most crucial* teens struggle with identity crisis, if healthy experimentation is
fostered they attain identity achievement; if not, they face insecurity and low self-worth
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson)
20-40 yrs, good: love, intimate relationships, commitment. bad: avoidance of
commitment, alienation, distancing oneself
Generativity vs. Stagnation (Erikson)
40-60 years. favorable resolution results in an individual capable of being a productive,
caring, and contributing member of society. If this crisis is not overcome, one acquires a
sense of stagnation and may become self-indulgent, bored, and self-centered
Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson)
60- death. involves reevaluating what we have done in our lives. If we feel we have
done well we have a sense of integrity, otherwise we experience gloom and doubt.
Psychodiagnositc
The study of personality through interpretation of behavior and non-verbal cues; or
labeling a client in a diagnostic category
Psychopharamacology
The study of the effects drugs have on psychological functions
, What is the id?
the basic instinct principle in Freudian theory. It is the seat of aggression and sexual
impulse. It is devoid of logic and time orientation. It is chaotic and bodily focused.
What is the ego?
this is the reality principle in Freudian theory. It indicates power of reasoning and control
over behavior. It helps keep the impulses of the id in check.
What is the superego?
its our moral conscience, and is found as part of the conscious and unconscious mind
Which group of theorists believe "if you can't measure it, it doesn't exist"?
Behaviorists.
They focus on O.O.B (Observable Objective Behaviors)
Who is the only psychoanalyst with a developmental theory that covered the
entire lifespan?
Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages
Each stage has a crisis or turning point
What theory is A.A. Brill associated with?
Career theory
Milton H. Erickson is associated with...
Brief psychotherapy and innovative techniques in hypnosis
What field is Jean Piaget associated with?
Cognitive Child Development
Who is Jay Haley and what is the nature of his contribution to counseling?
